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Discovery of Oxime Ether Derivatives with High Insecticidal Activity against Plutella xylostella via an Isosteric Ring Exchange Strategy.

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles rank among the most prevalent pharmacophores in agrochemicals and are widely utilized for replacing benzene rings during lead compound optimization. A total of 48 novel target compounds were designed and synthesized via structural modification of an oxime ether insecticidal lead previously found by our group. Bioassays against Mythimna separata, Plutella xylostella, and Aedes aegypti proved that 19a, 20a, and 21a possessed favorable insecticidal activity. Specifically, compound 19a exerted strong stomach toxicity against P. xylostella with an LC50 of 0.75 mg/L,

Co-variation of insecticide resistance and host-microbe gene expression in geographically distant populations of German cockroaches (Blattodea: Blattellidae).

Insecticides can greatly limit the impacts of cockroaches on indoor environment and human health. Insecticide resistance, however, reduces the efficacy of insecticides and increases insecticide use by both residents and pest control professionals. This study examined the relationship between insecticide cross-resistance and associated gene expression across nine different German cockroach populations from the eastern U.S. Using vial bioassays, we identified significantly correlated resistance between three insecticides from different classes (indoxacarb, lambda-cyhalothrin, fipronil), with pot…

Presence and positioning of insecticidal strips in Jackson traps affect catch of oriental fruit flies and melon flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Many countries operate trapping programs to detect incursions of pestiferous fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Three male-specific attractants form the cornerstone of these surveillance networks: methyl eugenol for Bactrocera species, cue-lure for Bactrocera and Zeugodacus species, and trimedlure for Ceratitis species. Traditionally, these lures were applied as a liquid to a cotton wick, but polymeric plugs are being used more widely. Regulations require that any toxicant placed in a trap with a lure-bearing plug must be presented separately from the plug, which, most commonly, is held in a

Variation in Label-Rate Insecticide Efficacy and Control Failure Risk Among Brazilian Populations of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a key insect pest of maize in Brazil. However, the evolution of insecticide resistance has raised concerns about the risk of control failures under field conditions. This study assessed insecticide efficacy and estimated the risk of control failure in Brazilian populations of S. frugiperda exposed to selected insecticides. Nine field populations were collected from representative maize-producing regions of Brazil during the 2024/2025 and 2025/2026 seasons. Early third-instar (L3) larvae from these populations were exposed to the highest label r…

Exploring Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Insecticidal Activity Against Stored-Product Insects.

Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Lasioderma serricorne, and Tribolium castaneum are globally prevalent stored-product insect pests that cause significant economic losses due to contamination and damage to stored agricultural commodities. Traditional insecticides are harmful to health and the environment. In contrast, plant essential oils (EOs) offer a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative. This study investigates the insecticidal potential of EOs extracted from different parts of Heteropanax fragrans (Roxb.) Seem. against these insects. The EOs were extracted via hydrodistillation and …

Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Evaluation of New Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Promising Insecticidal and Anti-inflammatory Agents.

The increasing resistance of insects to conventional pesticides drives the search for new bioactive heterocycles with novel modes of action. An efficient one-pot protocol was developed for the synthesis of new aminothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-2-carboxamides as key precursors to pyrimido[4',5':4,5]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidines, offering high yields, short reaction times, and operational simplicity. Density functional theory calculations confirm preferential formation of the thermodynamically stable isomers. Assignment of the chemical structures for the newly synthesized heterocycles was confirmed ut

Applying Machine learning to analyze the utilization of insecticide-treated nets among rural under-five children in East Africa.

INTRODUCTION: Malaria continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. Despite being one of the pillars of prevention, the use of Insecticide-Treated Nets (ITNs) is still low in rural East Africa. This research aimed to forecast the use of ITNs by rural communities with children in this region using machine learning (ML) and identify the most predictive factors. METHODS: We analyzed pooled data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) in 11 East African nations between 2011 and 2022. Six ML classification mode

Prenatal neonicotinoid insecticide exposure, maternal steroid hormone levels, and precocious puberty in girls: A nested case-control study.

Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are globally prevalent environmental contaminants with suspected endocrine-disrupting properties, yet their effects on maternal steroid hormone homeostasis and the subsequent risks of precocious puberty (PP) in offspring remain poorly understood. In this prospective nested case-control study embedded in a birth cohort in Wuhan, China (2012-2014; follow-up to 2023), we included 202 PP cases (115 incomplete [ICPP], 87 central [CPP]) and 606 matched controls. Third-trimester maternal urine samples were analyzed for 19 NNI biomarkers (8 detected in ≥74.1% of the s…

Multimodal Insecticidal Activity of α-Humulene Against Chilo suppressalis via Endocrine Disruption and Transcriptional Suppression of Cuticular Proteins.

Striped rice stem borer (Chilo suppressalis, SSB) poses a substantial threat to global rice production, leading to considerable economic loss. In this study, we explored the insecticidal mechanism of α-humulene, a sesquiterpene derived from Humulus lupulus, against SSB larvae. Bioassays indicated that α-humulene markedly elevated larval mortality rates and extended developmental periods. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the upregulation of genes involved in juvenile hormone (JH) biosynthesis and the downregulation of cuticle protein genes. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated that α-humu

Treatment Approach of Oral Acute Toxicity in Domestic Pigeons by Spoiled Drinking Water Exposure to Insecticide Liquid (Phenylpyrazole), Fipronil.

Fipronil, a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, is widely used in agriculture and pest control but poses toxicity risks to non-target avian species through environmental contamination, particularly via drinking water. Despite known neurotoxic effects in birds, data on domestic pigeons (Columba livia) and effective clinical interventions remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the acute oral toxicity profile of Fipronil-contaminated drinking water in domestic pigeons and evaluate treatment strategies to mitigate intoxication symptoms. Using the OECD Avian Acute Oral Toxicity Tes

Genomic evidence of spatially structured gene flow and divergent insecticide resistance backgrounds of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus in Tanzania.

Population genetic analysis of mosquitoes is important for understanding the distribution of insecticide resistance alleles, devising sustainable control approaches, and understanding how vector populations are structured in space. Anopheles funestus is the dominant malaria vector in most parts of East and Southern Africa. To better understand its population genetic structure in Tanzania, we sequenced the genomes of 334 individual An. funestus mosquitoes from 11 regions across the country. Signs of reduced migration between western and eastern cohorts across the semi-arid central region contai

Characterization of insecticide resistance and their mechanisms in field populations of the German cockroach (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in Taiwan under different treatment regimes.

This study investigated how management strategies influence resistance profiles in German cockroach (Blattella germanica (L.)) populations and their impact on the performance of commercial gel baits containing fipronil, imidacloprid, and indoxacarb. Field populations from premises managed under 3 different strategies: Baiting, random insecticide (RI) used, and insecticide rotation (IR) were tested. Almost all populations under RI and IR were resistant to deltamethrin, but low to moderate resistance was observed under the Baiting approach. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) were involved in

Insecticidal activity of Delonix regia (Fabaceae) against the cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Bois) with reference to its phytochemical composition.

Overuse of synthetic pesticides causes problems for humans and the environment or leads to insect resistance to insecticides, so plant extracts and essential oils have gained popularity as an environmentally acceptable alternative to chemical pesticides. This study investigated the toxicity of Delonix regia leaf and seed extracts, protein patterns, and genetic distance analysis against the 5th instar larvae of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis Boisaduval. Methanol, petroleum ether, and acetone extracts of leaves and seeds of D. regia were used to coat castor leaves for ingestion by the 5t…

Repellent and insecticidal activities of Pinus halepensis and Cupressus sempervirens extracts against the West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens.

Mosquitoes are major disease vectors that pose serious public health threats. Extensive use of synthetic insecticides against mosquitoes has caused resistance, environmental pollution, and health risks, making it imperative to use natural alternatives. This study evaluated the larvicidal and repellent activities of Pinus halepensis and Cupressus sempervirens leaf extracts and essential oils against Culex pipiens, the vector of West Nile virus, and profiled their phytochemical composition. Methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts, along with EOs, were tested for larvicidal toxici…

Evaluating the potential of Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper amalago amalago, and other botanicals as economical insecticidal synergists against Anopheles gambiae.

BACKGROUND: Synergists reduce insecticide metabolism in mosquitoes by competing with insecticides for the active sites of metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome P450s (CYPs). This increases the availability of the insecticide at its specific target site. The combination of both insecticides and synergists increases the toxicity of the mixture. Given the demonstrated resistance to the classical insecticides in numerous Anopheles spp., the use of synergists is becoming increasingly pertinent. Tropical plants synthesize diverse phytochemicals, presenting a repository of potential synergists. METH…

Larvicidal and Pupicidal Activity of Neonicotinoid Insecticide Imidacloprid against Southern House Mosquito, Culex Quinquefasciatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae).

PURPOSE: Mosquitoes, known as one of the deadliest creatures on the planet, pose significant risks to the health of humans and animals worldwide by transmitting diseases like malaria, dengue, lymphatic filariasis, West Nile fever, and Zika virus. As mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose a significant threat to global public health, the development and enhancement of effective vector control strategies have become increasingly critical. Among the promising approaches is the use of insecticides such as imidacloprid, a systemic neonicotinoid known for its potent insecticidal properties. METHO…

Trends and patterns of insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae between 2015 and 2020: implications for malaria vector control interventions in Ghana.

BACKGROUND: The distribution and use of insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are the two main insecticide-based tools that have been scaled up in Ghana. Although insecticide resistance to different insecticides have been reported in parts of Ghana, there is little information on the status and extent of resistance in malaria vectors across different areas in the country. There was, therefore, a need to generate annual geographically specific insecticide resistance data to assist in the development of insecticide resistance management strategies in Ghana. This stud…

Механистические данные о широко распространенной резистентности к инсектицидам среди переносчиков вирусов < < Иллинойс Уэст нийл > > , < < Кулекс пипиен > > и < < Кьюлекс ресуан > > .

Москиты являются основными переносчиками болезней и представляют собой серьезную проблему в области здравоохранения во всем мире. Борьба с вспышками заболеваний в основном зависит от инсектицидов, однако эволюция резистентности к инсектицидам ставит под угрозу эффективность таких мер реагирования. Поэтому мониторинг подверженности инсектицидам имеет жизненно важное значение для принятия обоснованных решений в отношении реагирования на вспышки. В этом исследовании рассматриваются модели устойчивости к перметрину и малатиону у вирусных векторов Западного Нила, Cx. pipiens и Cx. resuans, по всему

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Mosquitoes are major vectors of diseases and a significant public health concern worldwide. Outbreak mitigation relies largely on insecticides, but the evolution of insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of such responses. Monitoring insecticide susceptibility is therefore vital for informed decisions regarding outbreak responses. This study exam…

Effect of an insecticide, fungicide and plant growth regulator and their mixture on the survival of the springtail Folsomia candida and the potential reduction of toxicity by vitamins.

A pesticide-free model soil was pretreated with field-realistic doses/applications of the insecticide, Biscaya 240 OD; the fungicide Tilmor; the growth regulator, Atonik and their mixture. Because Folsomia candida is eyeless, unpigmented, avoids light, and prefers dark, wet and cold conditions, we grew and tested it in the dark and at 18°C. Survival of springtails added to soil at 50 % moisture was assessed after 28 days. The experiments were repeated three times in order to confirm the validity of the test and results. The mixture decreased the survival most significantly. Bayesian statistics