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[Biomedical knowledge and health policies: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Fibromyalgia].

The article deals with the construction of knowledge about diseases. The general objective is to analyze the process of constructing scientific knowledge of two diseases in comparative perspective: Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Fibromyalgia. The work reflects on the construction of biomedical knowledge and health policies, specifically how scientific knowledge impacts on the design of policies. Our research strategy was based on the analysis of scientific literature, health programs and bills of Argentina. The analysis was based on the axial model of diagnostic categories (semiological, morpho

The early cognitive development of children at high risk of developing an eating disorder.

Diagnosis of an eating disorder (ED) has been associated with differences in cognition. Recent evidence suggests that differences may be present prior to onset. Children at familial high risk for ED show cognitive differences at ages 8-10 years. Research is required to investigate differences in cognitive development at various time points. This is the first study to investigate cognitive development in children at high risk at 18 months (Griffiths Mental Development Scale; n=982) and 4 years old (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised; n=582), in comparison with children

Ninety and still active in research.

BACKGROUND: Here, we review Prof. Stelzner's career and scientific achievements, which include his personal attitude to genuine creative thinking and its application to surgery and research. DISCUSSION: The stations of his clinical career are highlighted together with his excursions into philosophical and historical topics. From the vast number of publications and research activities, we describe major contributions to morphology including recent contributions through functional examination techniques. We reflect on his research on perianal fistulas. Modern-day understanding of continence of

Use of the ten-point clock test to compare executive functioning across 24 months in patients with subcortical vascular dementia.

The Ten-point Clock Test can be used to identify early forms of Alzheimer's disease because it is reliable, well accepted, and easily administered at the bedside. Nevertheless, its clinical role in the detection of early dementia and its correlations with other cognitive processes is still under investigation. Vascular dementia is an uncertain nosological entity, in which unevenly distributed patterns of cognitive deficits comprising slowing of cognitive processing and impairment of executive function occur. The present study assessed how the Clock Test scores correlated with a number of other

[Neuropsychological implications of Crouzon syndrome: a case report].

INTRODUCTION: Crouzon syndrome (CS) has traditionally been associated with moderated mental retardation. However, very few studies have quantified in these patients the degree of this mental retardation, and even less research has been carried out to evidenciate the typical neuropsychological profile, including affective, cognitive and executive functions. CLINICAL CASE: We present a single case-study of a 16 year-old, right-handed female affected of CS. Neuropsychological functions assessed included attention, concentration, memory, visual perception, language, arithmetic processes, praxis,

Problem-Based Learning and Simulation-Based Learning in Clinical Endocrinology Education: Applications and Future Directions.

Diagnosing and treating endocrine diseases is a highly complex endeavor requiring advanced clinical reasoning, decision-making, and practical skills. However, traditional medical teaching approaches are unable to fully cater to the cultivation of these skills among residents. Thus, reforming the current teaching model utilized in clinical endocrinology education by introducing problem-based learning (PBL) and simulation-based learning (SBL) methods is imperative. This article aims to review the current application and research progress of PBL and SBL in clinical endocrinology education and exp…

Decodification for dyslexia and broader reading difficulties.

UNLABELLED: Dyslexia is often addressed through specialised intervention, yet growing scholarship in literacy and educational psychology also underscores the importance of contextualised and meaningful literacy experiences for students with reading difficulties. In this article, I argue the relevance of Paulo Freire's concept of decodification for reading instruction for students with dyslexia and broader reading difficulties. Drawing on the literature on dyslexia, background knowledge, culturally relevant text selection and experiences of emergent bilingual learners, I argue that decodified t

From association to causation: a decision-aware framework for reproducible biomarker discovery and precision intervention design in the human gut microbiome.

Human gut microbiome research has generated many disease associations, yet few translate into clinical applications. A central obstacle is not a lack of data, but the limited integration of causal reasoning, as most studies report correlations without establishing directionality, confounding control, or mechanistic evidence. We propose a unified causal inference framework that integrates directed acyclic graphs, Mendelian randomization, double machine learning, mediation analysis, and tests of causal reversibility into a single decision-aware workflow. Unlike prior applications of these tools

Understanding normal cardiac morphogenesis and its disruptions: a journey through pathways.

Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) encompass a broad spectrum of structural anomalies with substantial clinical and genetic heterogeneity. They are the most common birth defects in humans, and a leading cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality. Yet, its genetic substrate remains difficult to interpret at the bedside: despite advances in cytogenetics and next-generation sequencing, a definitive or candidate genetic cause is identified in fewer than half of cases, and even when a variant is recovered, mapping it onto the developmental program that produces a specific malformation is rarely stra

Видимая интоксикация витамином D из-за парапротеина.

76-летний мужчина представил вскоре после коленной артропластики с болезнью, тошнотой и тяжелыми паратироидными гормонально-независимыми гиперкальцемией. Первоначальная лабораторная оценка показала заметно повышенную 25-гидроксивитаминовую концентрацию D (>250 нмоль/л [>100 нг/мл]; ссылка >50 нмоль/л [>20 нг/мл]), предполагающую отравление витамином D. Однако этот диагноз показался неправдоподобным, поскольку пациент ежедневно использовал только 400 холекалциферола, фосфат сыворотки оставался нормальным, а некоторые свойства кальция, дисфункции Renal, анемии и болезни костей указывали на лежащ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A 76-year-old man presented shortly after knee arthroplasty with malaise, nausea, and severe parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia. … aprotein concentration. This case highlights the importance of integrating laboratory findings with clinical reasoning and confirms the value of LC-MS/MS in patients with clinically implausible vitamin D concentrations.

Unmasking the Masquerade: A Case Report of Adult-Onset Still's Disease.

Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) is a rare, inflammatory condition commonly characterized by polyarthritis, rash, and fever. Its diagnosis … andatory and requires clinicians to persistently evaluate a plethora of objective data and redirect clinical reasoning to reach the correct diagnosis and avoid complications.

Neurological symptoms in pediatric abusive head trauma: Multi-center data for clinical forensic medicine.

Central nervous system-associated lesions can frequently be found in abusive head trauma (AHT) cases. Since there are frequently no visible signs of injury on the body surface, the diagnosis of AHT can be challenging. In particular, if the affected child shows only isolated neurological symptoms, these are often misinterpreted as a minor illness. Using a retrospective study design at three university hospitals, 72 medico-legal cases of "shaken baby syndrome" - a common variant of AHT - were analyzed. A comparison between confession cases (n=15) and non-confession cases was used in order to red

Spinal ependymoma presenting as subtle neurological findings in a VA chiropractic clinic: a case report in differential diagnosis and appropriate use of diagnostic imaging.

BACKGROUND: Lhermitte's sign is a nonspecific historical and exam finding that carries with it a differential diagnosis of cervical myelopat … C3-C7 laminectomy, C3-T2 fusion, and tumor resection. SUMMARY: This case represents an example of clinical reasoning in a VA chiropractic clinic when presented with subtle neurologic findings, and discusses the differential diagnoses and decision-making process to pursue imaging that resulted in appropriate neurosurgical management.

Recognition of a patient with neck autonomic dysfunction: findings from a rare case report of harlequin syndrome in direct access physiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Harlequin syndrome is a rare autonomic condition consisting of unilateral facial flushing and sweating induced by heat, emotion or physical activity. The affected side presents anhidrosis and midline facial pallor due to denervation of the sympathetic fibers. CASE DESCRIPTION: This case describes a patient who reported right-side redness of the face associated with hyperhidrosis during physical activity. She had two previous major motor vehicle accidents. The patient demonstrated difficulties in the visual accommodation of the left eye, but cranial nerve assessment was unremarkabl

Early triage of a patient with metastatic melanoma presenting as mechanical knee pain - a case report.

Physical therapists (PTs) working in primary care settings commonly encounter mechanical causes of knee pain. Non-mechanical causes of knee pain, such as bone tumors, are rare, and therefore, PTs often have a low index of suspicion regarding sinister pathology. The purpose of this case report is to describe the physical therapist's clinical reasoning process for a 33-year-old female presenting with medial knee pain and a subsequent history of metastatic melanoma. Initially, subjective and objective testing pointed to a mechanical internal derangement of the knee. However, symptom progression a…

The Cognitive Profile of Atypical Parkinsonism: A Meta-Analysis.

Atypical Parkinsonism (AP) syndromes are characterized by a wide spectrum of non-motor symptoms including prominent attentional and executive deficits. However, the cognitive profile of AP and its differences and similarities with that of Parkinson's Disease (PD) are still a matter of debate. The present meta-analysis aimed at identifying patterns of cognitive impairment in AP by comparing global cognitive functioning, memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, language, non-verbal reasoning, and processing speed test performances of patients with AP relative to healthy controls and

A Sherlock Approach to a Kindred With a Variable Immunohematologic Phenotype.

Given the ubiquity of leukopenia and sinopulmonary infections in childhood, differentiating patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) from otherwise healthy patients can be challenging. The diagnostic complexity is further exacerbated in disorders with wide phenotypic variability such as warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis (WHIM) syndrome. However, using a Sherlock approach with careful attention to details in the patient's medical history and physical examination coupled with a comprehensive family history can heighten the index of suspicion for underlying IEI. Sub

Imaging of appendicitis: Tips and tricks.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies worldwide. Over the past 30 years, imaging has become central to the diagnosis of appendicitis, reducing both negative appendicectomy rate and healthcare expenses. Appendicitis can be challenging in many ways for radiologists with various clinical presentations, complications and differential diagnoses. The aim of this review is to present a step-by-step reasoning with key findings, tips and tricks leading to the diagnosis of appendicitis and its complications. The first steps are with the use of the appropriate imaging modality

An unusual clinical vignette of oro-pharyngeal discomfort: Pterygoid Hamulus syndrome.

BACKGROUND: A straightforward clinical reasoning is always difficult in patients with persistent orofacial pain with vague symptoms. Craniofacial pain or Orofacial pain can have a mixture of causes ranging from neurogenic, myogenic, and psychogenic factors intertwined amidst the intricate anatomy with a high vascular network. This plethora of uncertainty blurs the judgment for such patients to whom we provide care. We hereby present a case of a 17 year old female with vague pain on talking, chewing and even swallowing when initially examined; this chronic orofacial pain often worsened her qual…

Esophagojejunal Anastomosis by Circular Stapler in Pediatric Patients: Size Minima Defined by Experience and Geometry.

Background: Esophagojejunostomy is facilitated by use of a circular stapler, particularly when performed laparoscopically. The minimum patient size that will allow use of circular staplers in the small intestine is unknown. Materials and Methods: Retrospective review of esophagogastric dissociations performed at a single tertiary care institution for 48 months. This was combined with a geometric derivation of a size-estimation formula. Results: From the 7 cases identified, patients weighing >16 kg easily accommodated the 21 mm stapler. There was a narrow fit in the patient weighing 13.6 kg, an