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Adjunctive strategies in multiple sclerosis treatment: non-pharmacological approaches and their potential clinical implications.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), and represents the most common non-traumatic cause of disability among young adults. Although current immunomodulatory therapies have demonstrated beneficial effects in mitigating disease progression, their associated side effects and limitations render MS a condition without a definitive cure. A major obstacle in achieving effective treatment and recovery is the pathological microenvironment within the MS-affected CNS, which severely impairs endogenous tissue repair …

Mechanistic insights from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis into immune regulation, autophagy, gut microbiota, blood-brain barrier integrity, and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in multiple sclerosis: potential clinical implications.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system, predominantly presenting in young adults, with a steadily increasing global incidence. In China, MS is classified as a rare disease and imposes a considerable medical and socioeconomic burden. Current clinical management mainly relies on immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive therapies; however, limitations in long-term efficacy, safety, and economic cost highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms. Experimental autoimmune encep…

Epstein-Barr virus-associated multiple sclerosis: recent mechanistic advances and clinical therapeutic perspectives.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Typically occurring in young and middle-aged individuals, untreated MS can have high rates of disability and recurrence, thereby imposing a significant burden on the patient, their family, and society. Many factors are implicated in the etiology of MS, with the relationship between Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection and the development of MS being the subject of extensive research recently. When the human body experiences a decline in immune function, it may trigger …

Средиземноморская модель диета при множестве склерозов: обзор с акцентом на иммуномтаболитах.

Множественный склероз (MS), наиболее часто встречающееся демиелинизирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризуется в его патогенезе взаимодействием механизмов, связанных с аберрантной иммунной реакцией, острым и хроническим воспалением, глиноводством и выживанием нейронов, что в конечном счете приводит к обезвоживанию, синаптической дисфункции и нейроаксональной потере. Экспериментальные модели, а также эпидемиологические наблюдения подтверждают гипотезу о роли питания в наступлении, активности и развитии болезни. Высказывалось мнение, что диеты западного типа могут быть

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple Sclerosis (MS), the most common demyelinating disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), is characterized in its pathogenesis by an interplay of mechanisms pertaining to aberrant immune response, acute and chronic inflammation, glial housekeeping, and neuron survival, ultimately resulting in demyelination, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroaxonal los…

Elucidating the Significance of Zonulin in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Emphasis on Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Regulation.

The intestinal barrier, a critical component of the body's defense system, plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by preventing the t … thogenesis of a wide range of CIDs, including Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), celiac disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This review examines the intricate relationship between zonulin and intestinal permeability, emphasizing its role in regulating TJ integrity and its association with various CIDs. Recent research has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of t …

Цитокинское гениевое выражение и лечение воздействия на результаты МРТ у иорданских пациентов с множественным склерозом.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Аутоиммунные расстройства центральной нервной системы, как и множественный склероз (MS), являются хроническими заболеваниями, в которых цитокины вносят значительный вклад в регулирование воспаления. Диагностика, прогресс и эффективность лечения MS оцениваются с помощью лабораторных тестов и клинической оценки, а также с помощью изображений. МЕТОД: В этом исследовании приняли участие 40 здоровых людей, входящих в группу контроля, и 75 пациентов, страдающих НР, которые были разделены на две группы: 45 пациентов, проходящих курс лечения финглимодом (МСВ), и 30 пациентов, принимающих д

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Central nervous system autoimmune disorders, like multiple sclerosis (MS), are chronic conditions where cytokines contribute significantly to the regulation of inflammation. The diagnosis, progression, and treatment effectiveness of MS are assessed through laboratory tests and clinical evaluation, as well as imaging. METHOD: This study included …

Потенциальная роль токсоплазмы гонди в развитии склероза: сероэпидемиологическое исследование в провинции Северный Хорасан, Иран.

ПУРПОСЕ: Данное исследование было направлено на изучение сероэпидемиологического состояния токсоплазмы гонди (Т. Гонди) у пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) по сравнению с контролем. МЕТОДЫ: В настоящее время в исследовании приняли участие 98 пациентов с НР и 100 лиц, осуществляющих контроль. Демографическая и клиническая информация, собранная в ходе опросов, электронных медицинских записей и клинических обследований. Образцы сыворотки анализировались на анти-Т. гондий ИгГ и ИгМ антител с использованием ЭЛИСА. Результаты: Существенное различие в распространенности анти-Т. Гонди ИгГ наблю

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
POURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the seroepidemiological status of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients compared to controls. METHODS: The present study included 98 MS patients and 100 controls. Demographic and clinical information collected through interviews, electronic medical records, and clinical examinat…

Понимание депрессии у людей, живущих с множественным склерозом: обзор последних событий в литературе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое нейродегенеративное и аутоиммунное заболевание, которое затрагивает примерно 1 миллион взрослых людей в США. Психологические расстройства являются типичными коморбидами у людей с MS (PwMS), причем наиболее распространенным явлением является депрессия. Клиническая депрессия в ПТМС может оказать существенное воздействие на качество жизни и фактор, в значительной степени влияющий на состояние лечения. Депрессия может вспыхнуть на ранних стадиях множества, что становится все более распространенным по мере развития болезни и усиления степени клинической инва

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1 million adults in the US. Psychologic disorders are typical comorbidities in people with MS (pwMS), with depression being the most common. Clinical depression in pwMS can substantially impact quality of life and factor heavily in treatment adherence. De…

Intratumoral Hemorrhage in Vestibular Schwannomas After Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Multi-Institutional Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is exceedingly rare. The aim of this study was to define its incidence and describe its management and outcomes in this subset of patients. METHODS: A retrospective multi-institutional study was conducted, screening 9565 patients with VS managed with SRS at 10 centers affiliated with the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation. RESULTS: A total of 25 patients developed ITH (cumulative incidence of 0.26%) after SRS management, with a median ITH size of 1.2 cm 3 .

Association of paramagnetic rim lesions and retinal layer thickness in patients with multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) are chronic active lesions associated with a more severe disease course in multiple sclerosis (MS). Retinal layer thinning measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage associated with disability progression in MS. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine a potential association between OCT parameters (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness), and PRLs in patients with MS (pwMS). METHODS: In this cross-sectional retrospective study…

Rationale for Use of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators in COVID-19 Patients: Overview of Scientific Evidence.

Maladjusted immune responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), for example, cytokine release syndrome, may result in immunopatholo … nstrated efficacy in reducing inflammatory disease activity and slowing down disease progression in multiple sclerosis. The decision to selectively suppress the immunity of a critically ill patient with COVID-19 remains a difficult choice. It has been suggested that treatment with fingolimod or siponimod may be appropriate to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndr …

Disease-Associated Regulation of Non-Coding RNAs by Resveratrol: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Applications.

There have been significant advances, particularly over the last 20 years, in the identification of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their pathophysiological role in a wide range of disease states, particularly cancer and other chronic conditions characterized by excess inflammation and oxidative stress such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, multiple sclerosis, osteoporosis, liver and lung fibrosis. Such discoveries have potential therapeutic implications as a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the effects of ncRNAs on critical homeostatic control mechanisms and bio…

Genetic, Environmental and Lifestyle Determinants of Accelerated Telomere Attrition as Contributors to Risk and Severity of Multiple Sclerosis.

Telomeres are protective structures at the ends of linear chromosomes. Shortened telomere lengths (TL) are an indicator of premature biological aging and have been associated with a wide spectrum of disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The exact cause of MS is still unclear. Here, we provide an overview of genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors that have been described to influence TL and to contribute to susceptibility to MS and possibly disease severity. We show that severa…

Onychomycosis in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, clinical description, mycological, and dermoscopic study in a Mexican population.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease related to HLA-DR8. Susceptibility to onychomycosis has been found in Mexican mestizos with HLA-DR8. The frequency of onychomycosis in this neurological disease is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of onychomycosis and its clinical, mycological, and dermoscopic characteristics in patients with MS in comparison with the general population. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, case-control study in patients with MS from October 2017 to February 2018. Age, gender, MS type, and time of progression from diagn…

The frequency of follicular T helper cells differs in acute and chronic neuroinflammation.

Beyond the major role of T cells in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), recent studies have highlighted the impact of B cells on pathogenic inflammatory processes. Follicular T helper cells (Tfh) are essential for the promotion of B cell-driven immune responses. However, their role in MS and its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is poorly investigated. A first step to achieving a better understanding of the contribution of Tfh cells to the disease is the consideration of Tfh cell localization in relation to genetic…

Eye movements in demyelinating, autoimmune and metabolic disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the last three decades, the use of eye movements and vestibular testing in many neurological disorders has accelerated … ion, there are differentiating characteristics between the most common CNS demyelinating disorders: multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica (NMO). We summarize new information on Vitamin D metabolism in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), followed by a brief review of the vestibular and ocular motor findings in Wernicke's encephalopathy. We conclude wit …

Assessing the anterior visual pathway in optic neuritis: recent experimental and clinical aspects.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and related autoimmune disorders of the central nervous system such as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are characterized by chronic disability resulting from autoimmune neuroinflammation, with demyelination, astrocyte damage, impaired axonal transmission and neuroaxonal loss. Novel therapeutics stopping or reversing the progression of disability are still urgently warranted. This review addresses research on optic neuritis in preclinical experimental models and their translation to clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS: Optic neuritis can …

Nebulization of RNS60, a Physically-Modified Saline, Attenuates the Adoptive Transfer of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Mice: Implications for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy.

Developing a new and effective therapeutic approach against multiple sclerosis (MS) is always an important area of research. RNS60 is a bioactive aqueous solution generated by subjecting normal saline to Taylor-Couette-Poiseuille flow under elevated oxygen pressure. Recently we have demonstrated that RNS60, administered through intraperitoneal injection, ameliorated clinical symptoms and disease progression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. Since the intravenous route is not preferred for treating a chronic condition, we tested if nebulization of RNS60 co…

Formyl Peptide Receptor 1-Mediated Glial Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte pathology, and concomitant glia activation. Unclear are the factors triggering gliosis and demyelination. New findings suggest an important role of the innate immune response in the initiation and progression of active demyelinating lesions. The innate immune response is induced by pathogen-associated or danger-associated molecular patterns, which are identified by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including the G-protein coupled with formyl…

Therapeutic apheresis in the Philippines.

The statistics for this report were obtained from a current survey being conducted by the Philippine Society for Hematology and Blood Transfusion for the purpose of organizing a national apheresis registry. Preliminary data coming from 8 of 10 medical centers included 194 patients and 735 procedures from 1994 to 2004. Eighty percent of patients belonged to ASFA indication Category I with a predominance of neurologic and hematologic disorders. Five most common indications were acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), multiple sclerosis (MS), thrombotic thrombocytopenic pu…