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Cancer-related hypercalcemia and potential treatments.

Cancer-related hypercalcemia is a common finding typically seen in patients with advanced cancer and occurs in about 20 to 30 percent of cases. The most common cause of hypercalcemia in hospitalized patients is hypercalcemia due to malignancy.This clinical problem is seen in patients with both solid tumors and patients with hematologic malignancies. Hypercalcemia is associated with a poor prognosis in oncology patients. This pathologic condition can occur due to many different mechanisms but is usually caused by abnormal calcium use resulting from bone resorption, intestinal absorption, or ren

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… Nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis require long-term hypercalcemia and therefore are not common in malignant hypercalcemia ( 49 ). … Ibandronate for the treatment of hypercalcemia or nephrocalcinosis in patients with multiple myeloma and acute renal failure: Case reports. Acta Haematol (2006) 116:165. doi: 10.1159/000094676 85. Tanvetyanon T, Stiff PJ. …

Staged Hand-Assisted Bilateral Native Nephrectomy for Management of Posttransplant Polyuria in an Adult with Dent's Disease.

Polyuria after kidney transplantation causes graft dysfunction and increased thrombotic risk. We present a case of a polyuric adult with Dent's disease who underwent staged bilateral native nephrectomies, the first operation before transplant and the second four months after transplant. This led to improved allograft function maintained during four years of follow-up. The retroperitoneal laparoscopic approach was well tolerated and allowed continuation of peritoneal dialysis before transplantation. A staged approach helps regulate fluid balance perioperatively and may be tailored to individual

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… Patients with Dent's disease commonly present with proteinuria, haematuria, nephrocalcinosis, and urolithiasis. Other complications include osteomalacia, rickets that may be accompanied by short stature, muscular weakness, and polyuria. …

Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update.

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a number of lifelong negative health outcomes. The objectives of this evidence-based guidelines document are to provide health care professionals in Poland, an updated recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.MethodsA systematic literature search examining the prevention and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency was conducted. Updated recommendations were developed usi

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… Maldigestion and malabsorption | Maldigestion and malabsorption syndromes, cystic fibrosis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease Liver diseases | Liver failure, cholestasis, posttrasplant state and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) Kidney diseases | Renal failure, posttransplant state and nephrocalcinosis … A decreased activity of FGF-23 due to SLC34A1 mutation and subsequent hyperphosphaturia and hypophosphatemia, indirectly stimulate synthesis of 1,25(OH) 2 D that may produce hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis ( 133 ). …

Резюме ESPR 2013Европейское общество педиатрической радиологии 50th Ежегодное совещание и 36th Курсы для аспирантов. Июнь 3–7 2013. Будапешт, Венгрия.

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Contribution of gene mutations to Silver-Russell syndrome phenotype: multigene sequencing analysis in 92 etiology-unknown patients.

BACKGROUND: Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by growth failure and dysmorphic features. Major (epi)genetic causes of SRS are loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) and maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (upd(7)mat). However, IGF2, CDKN1C, HMGA2, and PLAG1 mutations infrequently cause SRS. In addition, other imprinting disturbances, pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs), and monogenic disorders sometimes lead to SRS phenotype. This study aimed to clarify the frequency and clinical features of the patients with gene mutations among etiology-unknown patient

Prolonged recovery time from zoledronic Acid induced acute tubular necrosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to bisphosphonates has been reported with Zoledronic acid but the time to recovery (if any) has been usually less than 4 months. Possible recovery time from ATN of any cause is usually less than 6 months. In this paper, we present the case of a 59-year-old Caucasian female with metastatic breast cancer who had received 16 monthly injections of Zoledronic acid for treatment of tumor induced hypercalcemia and developed several episodes of mild acute kidney injury which resolved by withholding treatment. Unfortunately, after the sixteenth injection, the patient ex

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… In addition, hypercalcemia-induced osmotic diuresis can promote a prerenal condition, and nephrocalcinosis is another mechanism of renal toxicity in that clinical setting. …

Educational Case: Atypical presentation of primary hyperparathyroidism with brown tumor.

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… The renal features of this disease are decreased renal function, polyuria, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis. … Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a bone mineral density T-score of less than or equal to −2.5, while osteopenia is between −1 and −2.5. 40 Surgery is also recommended if patients have any of the following renal manifestations—creatinine clearance or estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min, nephrocalcinosis …

Hypophosphatemia in cancer patients.

Dysregulation of phosphorus homeostasis resulting in hypophosphatemia is common in cancer patients and can result in serious complications and impact outcomes. Several factors, including critical illness, nutritional status, cancer type and therapy, influence the development of hypophosphatemia. Hypophosphatemia can develop as a result of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors or as a paraneoplastic phenomenon. The clinical presentation for hypophosphatemia varies depending on the duration and severity of the hypophosphatemia and affects several organ systems. Among other serious effects, hypophospha

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… Potential long-term consequences of phosphate replacement are extrapolated from other phosphate-wasting diseases, including nephrocalcinosis, chronic kidney disease and secondary hyperparathyroidism [ 132 ]. Table 3. … Nephrocalcinosis in X-linked hypophosphatemia: effect of treatment versus disease . Pediatr Nephrol 1995 ; 9 : 173 – 175 7794712 10.1007/BF00860736 133 Taylor BE , Huey WY , Buchman TG et al . …

Impact of discontinuing 5 years of enzyme replacement treatment in a cohort of 6 adults with hypophosphatasia: A case series.

Asfotase alfa is a human recombinant enzyme replacement therapy for hypophosphatasia. We describe 6 adults who were treated with asfotase alfa for 61-68 months in a clinical trial (NCT01163149), after which asfotase alfa was discontinued for 15-48 months. The patients experienced clinical deterioration and, when treatment was restarted, showed improvement. Patients with hypophosphatasia should be closely monitored if asfotase alfa is stopped as clinical decline is likely. Clinical practice guidelines are needed.

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… He has a history of nephrocalcinosis and kidney stones. Pain medication was required daily as were vitamin and dietary supplements. …

Effectiveness of a vitamin D regimen in deficient multiple myeloma patients and its effect on peripheral neuropathy.

PurposePeripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. More insight has been gained concerning the role of vitamin D in preventing PN. However, studies evaluating the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on PN are lacking. The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of a vitamin D3 regimen on achieving adequate vitamin D levels in deficient MM patients and to (2) exploratively evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on PN.MethodsThirty-nine MM patients with inadequate (3 for 6 months according to a dose escalation regimen that consisted of on

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… These contraindications were the following: hypersensitivity to the active substance(s) or to any of the excipients; hypercalcemia (> 2.60 mmol/L) and/or hypercalciuria (> 8 mmol/24 h for 80 percentile method); nephrolithiasis and/or nephrocalcinosis (only for Cholecalciferol Mylan® [Canonsburg, PA, …

Case series: Odontohypophosphatasia or missed diagnosis of childhood/adult-onset hypophosphatasia? - Call for a long-term follow-up of premature loss of primary teeth.

IntroductionHypophosphatasia, a metabolic bone disease caused by a tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase deficiency, leads to undermineralization of bone and/or teeth, impaired vitamin B6 metabolism, and a spectrum of disease presentation. At the mild end of the spectrum, it presents as pathologic fractures in later adulthood. Patients with isolated dental manifestations, typically presenting as premature loss of primary teeth, are classified as having odontohypophosphatasia (odontoHPP). A subset of patients diagnosed with odontoHPP in childhood can later develop extra-dental manifestations

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… Sequelae of HPP may include muscle weakness, abnormal gait, deformity of bones, osteomalacia, premature loss of teeth, and dental caries, as well as failure to thrive, craniosynostosis, seizures, nephrocalcinosis, and respiratory compromise due to rachitic chest in severe forms ( Rockman-Greenberg, 2013 …

Прогресс в лечении множественной миеломы.

Множественная миелома (ММ) является вторым по распространенности гематологической злокачественности в мире. Несмотря на свою репутацию агрессивного и смертельного заболевания, недавние улучшения в лечении значительно улучшили результаты лечения. За последнее десятилетие появились инновационные методы лечения с меньшим числом побочных эффектов, включая протеиновые ингибиторы (например, борцезомиб, карфилзомиб, ixazomib), моноколональные антитела (например, даратумумаб, изатуксимаб, элотузумаб), иммуномуляторы (например, талидомид, линалидомид, помалидомид) и кортикостероиды (например, дексамета

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… Other mechanisms include hypercalcemia-induced nephrocalcinosis, amyloid deposition, and chronic interstitial nephritis. These renal complications often coexist with more severe bone disease [ 11 ]. …

Clinical review: specific aspects of acute renal failure in cancer patients.

Acute renal failure (ARF) in cancer patients is a dreadful complication that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Moreover, ARF may preclude optimal cancer treatment by requiring a decrease in chemotherapy dosage or by contraindicating potentially curative treatment. The pathways leading to ARF in cancer patients are common to the development of ARF in other conditions. However, ARF may also develop due to etiologies arising from cancer treatment, such as nephrotoxic chemotherapy agents or the disease itself, including post-renal obstruction, compression or infiltration, and metabolic o

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… sepsis) | Nephrotoxic agents (contrast agents, aminoglycosides, amphotericin, ifosfamide, cisplatin) | Disseminated intravascular coagulation | Intravascular haemolysis Acute interstitial nephritis | Immuno-allergic nephritis | Pyelonephritis | Cancer infiltration (e.g., lymphoma, metastasis) | Nephrocalcinosis …

Vitamin D: A Bridge between Kidney and Heart.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are highly prevalent conditions, each significantly contributing to the global burden of morbidity and mortality. CVD and CKD share a great number of common risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and smoking, among others. Their relationship extends beyond these factors, encompassing intricate interplay between the two systems. Within this complex network of pathophysiological processes, vitamin D has emerged as a potential linchpin, exerting influence over diverse physiological pathways implicated in both CKD and CV

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… Other frequently associated symptoms include abdominal pain, polydipsia, pancreatitis, bradyarrhythmias, vascular calcifications, nephrocalcinosis, and acute kidney injury (AKI) [ 206 , 207 , 208 , 209 ]. … In the most severe cases, patients with vitamin D toxicity can even require dialysis, both for the treatment of incident AKI, for chronic kidney disease due to nephrocalcinosis, or to lower serum calcium levels [ 206 ]. …

Multiple Myeloma: Cast Nephropathy, VTE, and Neurologic Complications.

Multiple myeloma accounts for approximately 1% of neoplastic diseases and 13% of hematologic cancers. Complications often associated with MM include neurologic and hematologic issues, infections, renal insufficiency, and bone involvement. It is crucial for advanced practice professionals caring for myeloma patients to assess patients accurately, be keenly aware of possible associated complications, and be familiar with appropriate interventions to prevent further injury. This article will provide an overview of MM-related renal insufficiency, with a focus on cast nephropathy, venous thromboemb

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… According to Tariman (2010), poor hydration and volume depletion; urinary tract infection and sepsis; nephrotoxins such as certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), IV contrast dyes, and bisphosphonates; hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis; and hyperuricemia and urate nephropathy …

Genomic Medicine: Lessons Learned From Monogenic and Complex Bone Disorders.

Current genetic studies of monogenic and complex bone diseases have broadened our understanding of disease pathophysiology, highlighting the need for medical interventions and treatments tailored to the characteristics of patients. As genomic research progresses, novel insights into the molecular mechanisms are starting to provide support to clinical decision-making; now offering ample opportunities for disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Drug targets holding mechanisms with genetic support are more likely to be successful. Therefore, implementing genetic information to the

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… For instance, patients with CAII deficiency are at high risk of developing nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis ( 27 ), whereas patients with mutations in OSTM1 or CLCN7 may have severe neurological defects ( 28 ). … Nephrocalcinosis and urolithiasis in carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome . Eur J Pediatr. ( 1997 ) 156 : 957 – 62 . 10.1007/s004310050751 9453381 28. Sobacchi C Villa A Schulz A Kornak U CLCN7-Related Osteopetrosis . ( 1993 ). …

Bone Marrow Stromal Antigen 2 Is a Novel Plasma Biomarker and Prognosticator for Colorectal Carcinoma: A Secretome-Based Verification Study.

BackgroundThe cancer cell secretome has been recognized as a valuable reservoir for identifying novel serum/plasma biomarkers for different cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to verify four CRC cell-secreted proteins (tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2/trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TACSTD2/TROP2), tetraspanin-6 (TSPAN6), bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2), and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 (NGFR)) as potential plasma CRC biomarkers.MethodsThe study population comprises 152 CRC patients and 152 controls. Target protein levels in

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… Renal failure due to acute nephrocalcinosis following oral sodium phosphate bowel cleansing. Human Pathology. 2004;35(6):675–684. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2003.12.005. 12. Duffy M. J., van Dalen A., Haglund C., et al. …

Giant Mandibular Ameloblastoma with Rare Hypercalcemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumor with local invasion and high recurrence, which generally occurs in the jaw bones. Hypercalcemia is a common paraneoplastic syndrome that is commonly observed in patients with malignancies but rarely encountered in patients with benign tumors. Thus far, not many cases of ameloblastoma with hypercalcemia have been reported, and the pathogenic mechanism has not been studied in depth. This paper presents a case report of a 26-year-old male diagnosed with giant ameloblastoma of the mandible, accompanied by rare hypercalcemia. Additionally, a

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… In addition, increased blood calcium levels increased the excretion of calcium in the urine, while prolonged deposition of calcium–phosphorus in the kidneys can readily lead to nephrocalcinosis and/or stone formation, ultimately resulting in renal obstruction and permanent renal damage. …

Acute kidney injury in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade hematological malignancies: impact on remission and survival.

BackgroundOptimal chemotherapy with minimal toxicity is the main determinant of complete remission in patients with newly diagnosed hematological malignancies. Acute organ dysfunctions may impair the patient's ability to receive optimal chemotherapy.Design and methodsTo compare 6-month complete remission rates in patients with and without acute kidney injury (AKI), we collected prospective data on 200 patients with newly diagnosed high-grade malignancies (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 53.5%; acute myeloid leukemia, 29%; acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 11.5%; and Hodgkin disease, 6%).ResultsAccording to

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… Early identification of the etiologies of AKI is crucial to ensure appropriate treatment, such as adequate hydration, urate oxidase therapy to prevent uric acid-related nephropathy, and RRT to prevent acute nephrocalcinosis [25] . …

Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations.

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global healthcare community has raced to find effective therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, dexamethasone is the first and an important therapeutic to significantly reduce the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with severe disease. Due to powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, dexamethasone could attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced uncontrolled cytokine storm, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury. Nevertheless, dexamethasone tre

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… On the other hand, in clinical studies, dexamethasone could contribute to renal calcification formation by increasing urinary calcium excretion [ 130 ], with nephrocalcinosis occurring in 15 (83%) of 18 infants [ 131 ] (Table 1 ). … Cranefield DJ Odd DE Harding JE Teele RL High incidence of nephrocalcinosis in extremely preterm infants treated with dexamethasone Pediatr Radiol 2004 34 138 142 14624322 10.1007/s00247-003-1090-7 132. …