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Immune Modulation in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Trials.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons. Though many molecular and genetic causes are thought to serve as predisposing or disease propagating factors, the underlying pathogenesis of the disease is not known. Recent discoveries have demonstrated the presence of inflammation propagating substrates in the central nervous system of patients afflicted with ALS. Over the past decade, this hypothesis has incited an effort to better understand the role of the immune system in ALS and has led to the trial of sever

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

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… pruritus, allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic idiopathic pruritus TRPM8 (TRP Melastatin 8) Menthol, icilin Histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pruritus ; B5-1 neuron-associated spinal interneuron circuit; dry skin pruritus, AD, urticaria, scalp pruritus TRPC3 (TRP Cannonical 3) Chloroquine, beta-alanine … allergic contact dermatitis, psoriasis, chronic idiopathic pruritus TRPM8 (TRP Melastatin 8) | Menthol, icilin | Histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pruritus ; B5-1 neuron-associated spinal interneuron circuit; dry skin pruritus, AD, urticaria, scalp pruritus TRPC3 (TRP Cannonical 3) | Chloroquine, beta-alanine …

Advances in delivery methods of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.

Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) aqueous extract has massive amounts of natural products that can be used as future drugs, such as C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, etc. This extract was chosen because of its high adaptability, which reflects its resolute genetic composition. The proactive roles of cyanobacteria, particularly in the medical field, have been discussed in this review, including the history, previous food and drug administration (FDA) reports, health benefits and the various dose-dependent therapeutic functions that A. platensis possesses, including its role in fighting against

Diagnosis and treatment of type 1 diabetes at the dawn of the personalized medicine era.

Type 1 diabetes affects millions of people globally and requires careful management to avoid serious long-term complications, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, and loss of sight. The type 1 diabetes patient cohort is highly heterogeneous, with individuals presenting with disease at different stages and severities, arising from distinct etiologies, and overlaying varied genetic backgrounds. At present, the "one-size-fits-all" treatment for type 1 diabetes is exogenic insulin substitution therapy, but this approach fails to achieve optimal blood glucose control in many individuals. Wit

Targeting MDM2, RAS, and PCNA for cancer targeted therapy: pan-cancer approaches vs. cancer-specific strategies.

Cancer therapy and cancer drug discovery and development have been historically focused on specific cancers (tissue/organ of origin). However, with advances in molecular biology and multi-omics of cancer, there is a trend to develop pan-cancer therapeutic modalities. In targeted therapy, pan-cancer strategies target common molecular alterations across different cancer types and specific cancer strategies are tailored to the unique biological characteristics of individual tumor types. Each approach offers distinct advantages and limitations, and understanding these differences is critical in th

Novel immunotherapeutic approaches in gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor that ranks third in cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early-stage gastric cancer can often be effectively managed through surgical resection. However, the majority of cases are diagnosed in advanced stages, where outcomes with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain unsatisfactory. Immunotherapy offers a novel approach to treating molecularly heterogeneous gastric cancer by modifying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy are regarded as promising modalities in cancer immunotherapy. Food

Antifibrotic therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are a ubiquitous condition estimated to affect over 50% of men over the age of 50 years. Various treatment options exist for men presenting with LUTS/BPH, including lifestyle and behavioral modification and medical or surgical treatment. Although multiple medical treatments exist, innovation for the medical treatment of BPH has not significantly progressed. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review was performed to evaluate prostate fibrosis as a contributor to LUTS/BPH and to identify potential anti

Клиническое воздействие Fingolimod-Associated Lymphopendia в многоразовом склерозе: исследование реального мирового культа.

Предыстория и цели: финолимод, a sphingosine-1-phosphate Рецепторный модулятор представляет собой эффективную, корректирующую заболевания терапию для восстановления форм множественного склероза (MS). Хотя лимфакопания является общепризнанным фармакологическим эффектом, ее клиническое значение остается неопределенным. В этом исследовании была дана оценка частотности и серьезности связанной с фенолимодом лимфопенсии, продольных гематологических изменений и их связи с клиническими результатами в реальной когорте MS. Материалы и методы: Это ретроспективное исследование 143 взрослые с РС, которые н

Декодирование связи между микроорганизмами и автоиммунизацией: многоаспектный обзор данных по конкретным патогенам, которые вызывают аутоиммунные заболевания.

Происхождение и прогрессирование аутоиммунных заболеваний (АИД) являются результатом совокупного воздействия генетической восприимчивости, дефектов иммунной реакции и экологических факторов. Среди них микроорганизмы, являющиеся ключевыми экологическими факторами, широко гипотезуют для того, чтобы сыграть свою роль в инициировании АИД, однако точная причинно-следственная связь еще не доказана. Цель этого обзора заключается в глубоком изучении ключевой роли конкретных микробных инфекций в инициировании АИД путем интеграции данных, полученных с помощью three - измерения: эпидемиологические исслед

Импайримент митохондрий скелетных мышц у пациентов с новой диагностированной множественной склерозом, выявленный ¹H/³¹P магнитно-резонансной спектроскопией.

Нарушение функции митохондрий участвует в патофизиологии множественной скlerоза (МС) и может способствовать его усталости и слабости мышц. Являются ли метаболические изменения скелетных мышц присутствующими на этапе начала заболевания — неясно. В этой наблюдательной изученной парой случаев и контрольной группы мы исследовали метаболизм мышц и его связь с системными метаболическими показателями у новых пациентов с МС (ПМС), не подвергшихся лечению, и соответствующих здоровых контрольных групп. Метаболизм гастроцинемия оценивался с помощью статической и динамической 7 Т 1H/31P магнитно-резонансн

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… Carnosine, a dipeptide of histidine and beta-alanine, is abundant in skeletal muscle, heart, and neuronal tissue. …

ZHX2 inhibits diabetes-induced liver injury and ferroptosis by epigenetic silence of YTHDF2.

ObjectiveMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The transcription factor zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 (ZHX2) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases, yet its precise role and underlying mechanism in DM-induced hepatic injury remain poorly elucidated.MethodsTo investigate this, we used a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) administration to create a DM model in mice, while high glucose (HG) exposure was used to simulate DM in vitro. Through various experiments such as lucifer

Талидомид как спасательный протокол для лечения множественной миеломы у собак: предварительные данные из многоцентрального ретроспективного исследования.

Множественная миелома (ММ) в собаках, как правило, обрабатывается сочетанием алкилирующих агентов и кортикостероидов. Однако отказ от лечения или нетерпимость, зачастую из-за кумулятивной токсичности, могут ограничить долгосрочную эффективность этих протоколов. Талидомид, иммуномодулятивный и антиангиогенный препарат, широко используемый в организме человека, по-прежнему в значительной степени не изучен в ветеринарной онкологии. В этом исследовании ретроспективно оценивалась клиническая эффективность и безопасность талидомида как спасательная терапия у собак с MM, которые отвергали стандартное

Prevalence of corneal findings and their interrelation with hematological findings in monoclonal gammopathy.

PURPOSE: To determine prevalence of paraproteinemic keratopathy (PPK) among patients with monoclonal gammopathy (MG). To evaluate interrelation between corneal and hematological parameters in patients with PPK. METHODS: Fifty-one patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (n = 19), smoldering multiple myeloma (n = 5) or multiple myeloma (n = 27) were prospectively included in this study. Best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, Scheimpflug tomography, in-vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy, optical coherence tomography and complete hematological workup

Cancer, immune suppression and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Need to manage drug safety (French Society for Oncology Pharmacy [SFPO] guidelines).

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting our health environment. As expected, studies highlighted the great susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19 and more severe complications, leading oncologists to deeply rethink patient cancer care. This review is dedicated to the optimization of care pathways and therapeutics in cancer patients during the pandemic and aims to discuss successive issues. First we focused on the international guidelines proposing adjustments and alternative options to cancer care in order to limit hospital admission and cytopenic treatment in cancer p

Current Advancement of Immunomodulatory Drugs as Potential Pharmacotherapies for Autoimmunity Based Neurological Diseases.

Dramatic advancement has been made in recent decades to understand the basis of autoimmunity-mediated neurological diseases. These diseases create a strong influence on the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), leading to various clinical manifestations and numerous symptoms. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent autoimmune neurological disease while NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is less common. Furthermore, evidence supports the presence of autoimmune mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is a neurodeg

A role for curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ObjectiveThis meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of curcumin in preventing liver fibrosis in animal models.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on studies published from establishment to November 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases. The methodological quality was assessed using Sycle's RoB tool. An analysis of sensitivity and subgroups were performed when high heterogeneity was observed. A funnel plot was used to assess publication bias.ResultsThis meta-analysis included 24 studies involving 440 animals with methodological quality scores

A Natural Organic Compound "Decursin" Has Both Antitumor and Renal Protective Effects: Treatment for Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor that commonly occurs in children. Anticancer drugs, for example, cisplatin, aid in postsurgery recovery but induce side effects such as renal damage, affecting the life prognosis of patients. Decursin which is one of the bioactive components has been reported for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects, but the effect on osteosarcoma is unexplained. In this study, the research theme was to examine the sensitizing effect of decursin and its influence on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The cell viability and half maximal inhibitory conce

Полиненасыщенные жирные добавки к кислоте в системе управления множественным склерозом: обзор анализа.

Полиинунасыщенные жирные кислоты (PUFA) уже давно исследованы в качестве потенциальной адъюнктурной терапии множественных склерозов из-за их иммуномодулятивных, антивоспалительных и нейрозащитных свойств. Вместе с тем имеющиеся данные по-прежнему являются разнородными и не были полностью картированы. Цель этого аналитического обзора заключалась в том, чтобы охарактеризовать данные о дополнении ПУФП, выявить тенденции в области исследований и пробелы в знаниях, а также придать контекстуальный характер результатам первичных исследований наряду с систематическими обзорами. Этот обзор был проведен

Amino acid metabolism in primary bone sarcomas.

Primary bone sarcomas, including osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors with peak incidence in childhood and adolescence. The intense standard treatment for these patients consists of combined surgery and/or radiation and maximal doses of chemotherapy; a regimen that has not seen improvement in decades. Like other tumor types, ES and OS are characterized by dysregulated cellular metabolism and a rewiring of metabolic pathways to support the biosynthetic demands of malignant growth. Not only are cancer cells characterized by Warburg metabolism, or aerobic glycolysis, bu

Pharmacological Strategies for Mitigating Cytarabine-Induced Multi-Organ Toxicity: A Scoping Review on Mechanisms, Efficacy and Clinical Implications.

BACKGROUND: Cytarabine (Ara-C) remains the cornerstone of remission-induction and consolidation chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and related hematological malignancies. Despite more than six decades of clinical use, its multi-organ toxicity continues to be managed almost exclusively through dose attenuation and supportive care, with no approved upstream pharmacological prevention strategy available. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to systematically map the breadth and nature of pharmacological agents tested in vivo for their capacity to mitigate cytarabine-induced multi-org