Результаты поиска

Biomarkers of acute brain injury.

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Acute brain injuries are the leading cause of morbidity and disability worldwide. Lately, we have observed significant advances in neuroimaging, which have resulted in improved radiological diagnostics; however, laboratory biomarkers of central nervous system (CNS) injury are still not part of routine workup. RECENT FINDINGS: Numerous studies proposed potential acute brain injury biomarker candidates. New data extend the use of well-known CNS-derived proteins and enzymes to acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, and subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. The growin…

Latent dimensions of brain asymmetry.

Functional lateralization represents a fundamental aspect of brain organization, where certain cognitive functions are specialized in one hemisphere over the other. Deviations from typical patterns of lateralization often manifest in various brain disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and dyslexia. However, despite its importance, uncovering the intrinsic properties of brain lateralization and its underlying structural basis remains challenging. On the one hand, functional lateralization has long been oversimplified, often reduced to a unidimensional perspective. For inst…

Costs of Underfunding Brain Development.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare costs are rising at an exponential rate. Given the constraints of limited resources, it is essential to make informed decisions about priorities to ensure the best possible health outcomes globally. The history of medicine illustrates how these priorities have shifted over time - from early focus on infectious diseases to later emphasis on noncommunicable conditions such as metabolic disorders. Today, neurodegenerative diseases and aging brain are the forefront of medical research, as these conditions profoundly affect individuals, families, and society. SUMMARY: One in…

Organ crosstalk: brain-lung interaction.

The interaction between the brain and the lungs is bidirectional: ICU patients with acute brain injury develop pulmonary complications, while ARDS patients frequently manifest neurological sequelae. Research is indeed focusing on both aspects of this cross-talk. On one side, ARDS survivors experience poor neurological outcomes both in the short and long term, with high incidence of delirium and post- discharge neurocognitive impairment. The underlying mechanisms have been investigated either in the pre-clinical and in the clinical field. Ventilator associated brain injury is the new recent ter…

Foreign Contaminants Target Brain Health.

Neurodisease, caused by undesired substances, can lead to mental health conditions like depression, anxiety and neurocognitive problems like dementia. These substances can be referred to as contaminants that can cause damage, corruption, and infection or reduce brain functionality. Contaminants, whether conceptual or physical, have the ability to disrupt many processes. These observations motivate us to investigate contaminants and neurotoxicity collaboratively. This study investigates the link between pollutants and neuro-disease, examining transmission pathways and categorization. It also pr…

Brain hemodynamics in septic patients.

Brain dysfunction is a frequent complication of sepsis. Most likely, sepsis-associated brain dysfunction (SABD) results from the interaction between multiple factors: neurodegeneration due to microglial activation, altered neurotransmission, neuroinflammation and impairment of cerebral macro- and microcirculation. Altered brain perfusion might results from several mechanism: global or regional alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF); reduced cerebral perfusion pressure - which is the driving force propelling blood through cerebral blood vessels - due to systemic hypotension; global or regiona…

Treatment Options for Brain Metastases.

Therapies for brain metastasis continue to evolve as the life expectancies for patients have continued to prolong. Novel advances include the use of improved technology for radiation delivery, surgical guidance, and response assessment, along with systemic therapies that can pass through the blood brain barrier. With increasing complexity of treatments and the increased need for salvage treatments, multi-disciplinary management has become significantly more important.

Neuropharmacology in Traumatic Brain Injury.

One of the primary goals in traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment is to minimize secondary brain damage and promote neuroprotection. In TBI rehabilitation, we seek to facilitate neurologic recovery and restore what independence is possible given a patient's physical and cognitive impairments. These goals must be balanced with treatment of the various symptoms that may occur following TBI. This is challenging given the fact that many of the typical treatments for certain symptoms also come with side effects which could be problematic in the TBI population.

Brain macrophage senescence in glioma.

Gliomas are a diverse group of primary central nervous system neoplasms with no curative therapies available. Brain macrophages comprise microglia in the brain parenchyma, border-associated macrophages in the meningeal-choroid plexus-perivascular space and monocyte-derived macrophages infiltrating the brain. With the great improvement of our recognition of brain macrophages, diverse macrophage populations have been found in the context of glioma, which exhibit functional and phenotypic heterogeneity. We have long thought that brain macrophage senescence is detrimental, manifested by specialize…

Белые мозги повреждают биомаркеры.

Белая материя (WM), представляющая почти половину массы человеческого мозга, имеет решающее значение для быстрой передачи нейронных сигналов по различным областям мозга, оказывая значительное влияние на когнитивные процессы, такие как обучение, память и решение проблем. Целостность WM необходима для функции мозга, и его повреждение, которое может быть вызвано такими заболеваниями, как множественный склероз (MS), инсульт и травма мозга, приводит к серьезным неврологическим расстройствам и когнитивному упадку. Главная цель этой книги состоит в том, чтобы обсудить клиническое значение жидких биом

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
White matter (WM), constituting nearly half of the human brain's mass, is pivotal for the rapid transmission of neural signals across different brain regions, significantly influencing cognitive processes like learning, memory, and problem-solving. The integrity of WM is essential for brain function, and its damage, which can occur due to conditions such as …

Primary brain tumours in adults.

The most frequent adult-type primary CNS tumours are diffuse gliomas, but a large variety of rarer CNS tumour types exists. The classification of these tumours is increasingly based on molecular diagnostics, which is reflected in the extensive molecular foundation of the recent WHO 2021 classification of CNS tumours. Resection as extensive as is safely possible is the cornerstone of treatment in most gliomas, and is now also recommended early in the treatment of patients with radiological evidence of histologically low-grade tumours. For the adult-type diffuse glioma, standard of care is a com

Brain-Airway Interactions in Asthma.

Asthma and brain interactions have long been appreciated and initially centered on increased anxiety and depression. Epidemiology studies have shown that early life stressors and situational disadvantages are risk factors for asthma. Conversely, the presence of asthma is a risk for mood and anxiety disorders, thus indicating a bidirectional effect between asthma and brain-related health. To substantiate asthma-brain interactions, validated instruments indicate and elucidate that communication likely exists between asthma and the brain. For example, provocation of an asthmatic response with an …

Palliative care in brain tumors.

The diagnosis of a brain tumor is a life-changing event for patients and families. High-grade gliomas (especially glioblastomas) are incurable, and long-term survival is limited. Metastatic brain lesions comprise the majority of intracranial neoplasms and are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic cancer. Response to treatment, prognosis, and survival depends not only on the underlying pathology, but more importantly on recently defined molecular features. Other crucial predictors of survival include age and performance status. Among patients with primary bra…

[Networkmodulation through deep brain stimulation].

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is widely performed since 1987, mainly in the realm of movement disorders. AIM: To provide an overview of the current state of DBS in various neuropsychiatric disorders and to provide an overview of new developments. METHOD: Narrative review of recent literature. RESULTS: Several studies have shown the potential of DBS for carefully selected patients suffering from refractory neuropsychiatic indications such as Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and Alzheimer’s disease. Applying for a CE or FDA approval by the implant…

[Anorexia nervosa, microbiota and brain].

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with a high prevalence and comorbidities, characterized by a low response rate to treatment. It is considered as a multifactorial disease. In recent years, the focus has been placed on the presence of intestinal dysbiosis and its possible involvement as a causal factor as well as an alternative treatment. The objective of this work has been to review the current state of knowledge of alterations in the intestinal microbiota identified in patients with AN and the possibility of using probiotics as a therapeutic alternative. Significant changes in t

"Floppy brain" in congenital hydrocephalus.

Hydrocephalus is classically considered to be a disorder of altered cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation, leading to the dilation of cerebr … d and exhibited a "floppy" appearance on neuroimaging, suggesting an inability of the hydrocephalic brain to maintain its structural integrity. The case provides clinical support for altered brain biomechanical properties in human hydrocephalus and adds to the emerging hypothesis that altered brain development with secondary impact on brain structural s …

Gut microbiome-brain-cirrhosis axis.

Cirrhosis is characterized by inflammation, degeneration, and fibrosis of liver tissue. Along with being the most common cause of liver fail … uence each other's function. This bidirectional communication has come to be known as the gut-liver-brain axis. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key mechanism affecting gut-liver, gut-brain, and brain-liver communication. Clinical studies and animal models have demonstrated the significant patterns of gut dysbiosis when cirrhosis is present, both wit …