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Molecular Mechanisms of Symptom Fluctuations in Malignant Tumor Patients: Stable by Day and Severe at Night.

Patients with malignant tumors often experience fluctuations in the severity of their symptoms depending on the time of day. In traditional Chinese medicine, symptoms are said to follow a pattern of "mild in the morning, stable by day, worsening in the evening, and severe at night." This article investigates the circadian chronobiology of symptoms and examines their molecular pathophysiology. Evidence suggests that disruptions in core circadian clock genes, such as BMAL1 and PER, along with the dysregulation of cellular metabolic pathways, immune responses, and endocrine functions, synergistic

Persistent lactic acidosis in ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report and literature review.

Lactic acidosis is common in the ICU, but malignancy-associated type B lactic acidosis mediated by the clinical Warburg effect (CWE) is uncommon and easily missed when infection or organ dysfunction dominates the presentation. We report a 35-year-old man with a month of fever and progressive dyspnea who presented with persistent hyperlactatemia (peak 15.46 mmol/L) and markedly elevated LDH despite stable hemodynamics. Imaging revealed generalized lymphadenopathy, multifocal osteolytic lesions, and bilateral pleural effusions; infectious studies were unrevealing apart from chronic hepatitis B.

Treatment of acute kidney injury in cancer patients.

Acute kidney injury (AKI), either of pre-renal, renal or post-renal origin, is an important complication in cancer patients, resulting in worse prognosis, withdrawal from effective oncological treatments, longer hospitalizations and increased costs. The aim of this article is to provide a literature review of general and cause-specific treatment strategies for AKI, providing a helpful guide for clinical practice. We propose to classify AKI as patient-related, cancer-related and treatment-related in order to optimize therapeutic interventions. In the setting of patient-related causes, proper as

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… Renal failure secondary to leukemic infiltration of the kidneys. Am J Med 1977; 62: 636–642 15. Richmond J, Sherman RS, Diamond HDet al. Renal lesions associated with malignant lymphomas. Am J Med 1962; 32: 184–207 16. Barcos M, Lane W, Gomez GAet al. …

Pneumonia in Transplant Recipients: A Comprehensive Review of Diagnosis and Management.

Transplant recipients have an increased risk of complications, including graft dysfunction and infections, which can be life-threatening if not recognized early. Pneumonia ranks as one of the most frequent complications in both solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Clinical symptoms manifest late during infections in immunocompromised patients. An aggressive approach centered on early confirmatory diagnosis and a low threshold for empiric therapy is often the most effective strategy. The isolation of a pathogen in an upper airway sample does not necessarily mean the same organis

Acute myeloid leukemia with IDH1 and IDH2 mutations: 2021 treatment algorithm.

Acute myeloid leukemia is a genetically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy; approximately 20% of AML harbors a mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes, IDH1 or IDH2. These recurrent mutations in key metabolic enzymes lead to the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate, which promotes leukemogenesis through a block in normal myeloid differentiation. Since this discovery, selective oral inhibitors of mutant IDH1 and IDH2 have subsequently been developed and are now approved as single agent therapy, based on clinical efficacy observed within the original first-in-human

Targeting LAG-3, TIM-3, and TIGIT for cancer immunotherapy.

In one decade, immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) has become a new pillar of cancer treatment following surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies. However, not all cancer patients benefit from single or combination therapy with anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. Thus, an increasing number of immune checkpoint proteins (ICPs) have been screened and their effectiveness evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM-3), and T cell immunoreceptor w

Second primary cancers following hematologic malignancies: Epidemiology, pathobiology and clinical management.

Second primary cancers (SPCs) pose an increasingly significant clinical challenge for survivors of hematologic malignancies, attributed to improved therapeutic outcomes and prolonged survival. The development of SPCs is influenced by a complex interplay of treatment-related factors, genetic susceptibility, immune dysregulation, and microenvironmental remodeling. This narrative review summarizes the epidemiological patterns of SPCs in survivors of hematologic malignancies and discusses the underlying biological mechanisms, including therapy-induced genomic instability, clonal hematopoiesis, inf

Комплексное исследование двустороннего взаимодействия между микробиомами человека и злокачественными заболеваниями крови и гематологическими условиями: акцент на новых терапевтических стратегиях.

Микробиота человека играет ключевую роль в поддержании хомостаза, регулируя иммунную реакцию, метаболизм и гематопоисис. Микробиальный дисбиоз все чаще ассоциируется с иммунной дисфункцией, воспалением и аномалиями костного мозга, которые могут привести к гематологическим заболеваниям. В настоящем обзоре резюмируются текущие данные о роли микробиота в нормальном гематопоисе и ее потенциальной причастности к доброкачественным и злокачественным гематологическим расстройствам.МЕТОДЫ: Обзор описательной литературы был проведен на основе всестороннего поиска основных научных баз данных без временны

Trial watch: Immunostimulatory cytokines in cancer therapy.

Tumor-targeting immune responses provide a significant contribution to (when they do not entirely account for) the clinical activity of diverse antineoplastic regimens, encompassing not only a large panel of immunotherapeutic strategies but also conventional cytotoxic molecules, targeted anticancer agents and irradiation. In line with this notion, several approaches have been devised to elicit novel or boost existing anticancer immune responses, including the administration of immunomodulatory cytokines. Such a relatively unspecific intervention suffices to mediate clinical effects in (at leas

Mechanisms of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity of CAR T-cell therapy and associated prevention and management strategies.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has yielded impressive outcomes and transformed treatment algorithms for hematological malignancies. To date, five CAR T-cell products have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nevertheless, some significant toxicities pose great challenges to the development of CAR T-cell therapy, most notably cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Understanding the mechanisms underlying these toxicities and establishing prevention and treatment strategies are important. In this r

Emerging insights into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and its implications for glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Glioblastoma is considered the most common and lethal form of brain cancer. Despite tremendous progress in glioblastoma therapeutics, the profound intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of glioblastoma tumors, the difficulty of agents to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of drug resistance as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) predominantly account for the failure of existing conventional and targeted therapies. Therefore, there is a growing necessity to decipher the complexity of the TME that promotes immunosuppression and to discover innovative stra

Chimeric antigen receptor modified T-cells for cancer treatment.

T cells engineered with the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) are rapidly emerging as an important immunotherapy for hematologic malignancies. The anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)19 CAR-T cell therapy has been remarkably successful against refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and a complete remission rate as high as 90% was observed, in both children and adults. Although the achievement of clinical efficacy using CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors has encountered several obstacles that were associated with the multiple mechanisms contributing to an immunosuppressive micro

JAK inhibition in PD-1 immunotherapy and tumor microenvironment.

Targeting the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 axis has revolutionized cancer therapy; however, the durability of clinical responses is frequently compromised by chronic inflammation and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway serves as a central intracellular node integrating cytokine signals that drive these resistance mechanisms. While physiological JAK/STAT signaling is essential for antitumor immunity, its persistent aberrant activation promotes malignant progression, upregulates

The Controversial Role of IL-33 in Lung Cancer.

Interleukin-33 (IL-33) belongs to the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family, and its structure is similar to IL-18. When cells are damaged or undergo necrosis, mature form of IL-33 is secreted as a cytokine, which can activate the immune system and provide danger signals. The IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway is composed of IL-33, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2), and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP). IL-33 has been reported to be strongly associated with lung cancer progression, and can exhibit opposite effects on lung cancer under different conditions. In this review, we have summarized the s

CD70 as a target in cancer immunotherapy: advances, challenges, and future directions.

Cancer immunotherapy represents a paradigm shift in oncology by leveraging the immune system to target tumors. The therapeutic efficacy of these approaches depends critically on identifying molecular targets that enhance treatment responses while limiting toxicity. CD70, a TNF family member, has emerged as a promising target due to its overexpression in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors contrasted with restricted expression in healthy tissues. This differential expression profile implies that CD70-directed therapies could achieve tumor-specific cytotoxicity with reduced off-target effe

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: an update on treatment and Brazilian perspective.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, representing a major global health concern, particularly in developing countries. This review provides an updated overview of the epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and a Brazilian perspective for ALL. Despite advances in chemotherapy and immunotherapy, survival disparities remain challenging, driven by socioeconomic and healthcare access inequalities. Present diagnosis incorporates immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, and molecular biology for precise stratification and treatment planning. Treatment has evolved fr

Proceedings of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Annual Scientific Meeting 2018

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High-Dose Vitamin C for Cancer Therapy.

In recent years, the idea that Vitamin C (Vit-C) could be utilized as a form of anti-cancer therapy has generated many contradictory arguments. Recent insights into the physiological characteristics of Vit-C, its pharmacokinetics, and results from preclinical reports, however, suggest that high-dose Vit-C could be effectively utilized in the management of various tumor types. Studies have shown that the pharmacological action of Vit-C can attack various processes that cancerous cells use for their growth and development. Here, we discuss the anti-cancer functions of Vit-C, but also the potenti

Преобразовательный потенциал липидных наночастиц, приспособленных для острой миэлоидной лейкемии.

Технологи, которые занимаются клетками, и инженерная клеточная терапия до сих пор не принесли таких же впечатляющих результатов в острой миэлоидной лейкемии (АМЛ), что и в других гематологическая малигнации. В ходе этого обзора мы анализируем проблемы, связанные с разработкой иммунотерапии для борьбы с отмыванием денег, включая целевую, неопухоль, синдром выброса цитокина (КРС) и «миелиоидный поглотитель». Затем мы обсуждаем появление двух технологий, которые могли бы решить основные проблемы, связанные с проведением расследований по борьбе с отмыванием денег: целенаправленные липидные наночас

Blood hypercoagulability and thrombosis mechanisms in cancer patients -A brief review.

Patients with malignant tumors are prone to present hypercoagulability of blood and form thrombosis, and its pathogenesis is complex involving various factors from clinical and histopathological to genetic influences. Current studies on the potential mechanism of blood hypercoagulability in patients with malignant tumors focus on the following aspects but are not limited: (1) tumor cells release coagulant-promoting substances, (2) tumor cells interact with the fibrinolytic system, (3) tumor cell-mediated platelet activation, (4) tumor-associated complement activation, and (5) genetic factors a