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Exploring the "brain-skin connection": Leads and lessons from the hair follicle.

Research into how the central nervous system (CNS) and the skin of mammals are physiologically connected and how this "brain-skin connection" may be therapeutically targeted in clinical medicine has witnessed a renaissance. A key element in this development has been the discovery that mammalian skin and its appendages, namely human scalp hair follicles (HFs), not only are important, long-underestimated target tissues for classical neurohormones, neurotrophins and neuropeptides, but also are eminent peripheral tissue sources for the production and/or release of these neuromediators. This essay

Differential Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Cross-Linker: A New Approach for High Confidence in Identifying Protein Cross-Linking.

Chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry are now widely used to analyze large-scale protein-protein interactions. The major challenge in … chromatography. We believe this strategy will help advance insights into the structural biology and systems biology of cell signaling.

[The Biological Knife I--Fracture Healing and Patient-Dependent Influencing Factors].

Despite our growing knowledge about the mechanisms of fracture healing, about 5 to 10 % of all fractures show impaired healing or non-union formation. We have learned about the biomechanical requirements for adequate fracture healing, leading to sophisticated osteosynthesis techniques and specific implant systems. A poor "biology" is often made responsible for the failure of bone healing. However, the underlying "biological" mechanisms are multifactorial and poorly understood. There is a lack of knowledge and clinical evidence about specific biological factors which influence fracture healing.

Disease specific modules and hub genes for intervention strategies: A co-expression network based approach for Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates.

Systems biology approaches that are based on gene expression and bioinformatics analysis have been successful in predicting the functions of many genes in Plasmodium falciparum, a protozoan parasite responsible for most of the deaths due to malaria. However, approaches that can provide information about the biological processes that are active in this parasite in vivo during complicated malaria conditions have been scarcely deployed. Here we report the analysis of a weighted gene co-expression based network for P. falciparum, from non-cerebral clinical complications. Gene expression profiles o…

Lymphoid progenitor cells from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are functionally deficient and express high levels of the transcriptional repressor Gfi-1.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most frequent malignancy of childhood. Substantial progress on understanding the cell hierarchy within ALL bone marrow (BM) has been recorded in the last few years, suggesting that both primitive cell fractions and committed lymphoid blasts with immature stem cell-like properties contain leukemia-initiating cells. Nevertheless, the biology of the early progenitors that initiate the lymphoid program remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of lymphoid progenitors from B-cell precursor ALL BM to proliferate and undergo

Evolution of regulatory networks: nematode vulva induction as an example of developmental systems drift.

Changes in the developmental processes and developmental mechanisms can result in the modification of morphological structures and in the evolution of phenotypic novelty. But how do developmental processes evolve? One striking finding in modern biology is the confrontation of morphological diversity in multicellular organisms with the conserved blueprint of life-the small number of conserved signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators. Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) tries to explain this discrepancy between macroscopic diversity and molecular uniformity. Selected case stud

Proteome-wide cellular protein concentrations of the human pathogen Leptospira interrogans.

Mass-spectrometry-based methods for relative proteome quantification have broadly affected life science research. However, important researc … pplicable to any cell type, we expect that it will become a cornerstone of quantitative biology and systems biology.

Innovative radiotherapies for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid progression, extensive inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity, and resistance to standard-of-care, including radiotherapy. Radiotherapy remains a cornerstone of GBM management, but its efficacy is limited by complex tumor biology and mechanisms of radioresistance. This review explores the advances in radiotherapy for GBM, focusing on the interplay between tumor biology and emerging treatment strategies. Hallmarks of GBM biology, including hypoxia, the robust DNA repair mechanisms, the immunosuppressive tumor

The color purple: analyzing alkaline phosphatase expression in experimentally manipulated sea urchin embryos in an undergraduate developmental biology course.

In these laboratory exercises, developed for a sophomore/junior-level undergraduate course in Developmental Biology, students explore the processes of differentiation and morphogenesis in sea urchin embryos by monitoring the spatio-temporal expression pattern of the endoderm marker, alkaline phosphatase. Once students have determined the normal alkaline phosphatase expression pattern, they are asked to treat sea urchin embryos in some way that perturbs normal morphogenesis. Their task is to discover whether the chosen treatment perturbs both morphogenesis and differentiation of the gut or only

[Functional hyperandrogenism--classification, etiology, diagnosis and therapy].

The classification of functional hyperandrogenism (FHA) presented in this paper is based on well known clinical experience supported by recent data of molecular biology. Functional hyperandrogenism is composed of various organ system-specific entities with consequently differential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The term polycystic ovary syndromes (PCOS) is misleading and should be replaced by adequate descriptions. Inspite of intense discussions and progress in molecular biology are with the exception of the here described FHA III-group the etiological consequences unresolved in terms

The biology of the mesothelium during peritoneal dialysis.

Substantial derangements of mesothelial biology are observed during experimental simulations of dialysis conditions, inferred from the content of human dialysis effluent and visualized by microscopy of human mesothelial biopsies. Can osmotically active solutions be made biocompatible with the osmoregulatory system of the mesothelium? Can the contributions of the mesothelium to host defenses against inflammation and/or infection be supported during CAPD? Do underlying metabolic derangements present in various kidney diseases and end-stage renal disease, regardless of cause, require customized C

Radiation Oncology-Biology Integration Network: Bridging the Gap between Biological Research and Clinical Practice.

The Radiation Oncology-Biology Integration Network (ROBIN) initiative addresses critical gaps in radiation oncology by integrating advanced biological research, technologic innovation, and clinical practice. ROBIN leverages "omics" technologies, data science, and integrative analyses to elucidate the mechanisms governing tumor and normal tissue responses to radiotherapy (RT). Through five specialized centers-OligoMET, ImmunoRad, GenRad, METEOR, and KIDSROBIN-the network covers a broad spectrum of cancer and radiation biology research. Each center conducts translational programs linked to clini

RNA-binding proteins in autoimmunity: From genetics to molecular biology.

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic pathologies generated by the loss of immune tolerance to the body's own cells and tissues. There is growing recognition that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) critically govern immunity in healthy and pathological conditions by modulating gene expression post-transcriptionally at all levels: nuclear mRNA splicing and modification, export to the cytoplasm, as well as cytoplasmic mRNA transport, storage, editing, stability, and translation. Despite enormous efforts to identify new therapies for ADs, definitive solutions are not yet available in many instances. Rec

Implications of the biology of weight regulation and obesity on the treatment of obesity.

PURPOSE: The purposes of this article are to provide a brief review of the complex biology of weight regulation and obesity, to explain some of the effects of diet and exercise on the biology of weight regulation and obesity, and to propose a coherent way to assess and treat people related to weight and obesity. DATA SOURCES: Scientific publications, clinical guidelines, and government sources. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is a complex problem requiring an understanding of how interventions interact with the biology of weight regulation in people who are obese. Promoting health in obese people requi

Optimising surgical resection strategy in high grade glioma: an evidence-informed, capability-aligned surgical framework for heterogeneous health systems.

BACKGROUND: Maximal safe surgical resection remains a major determinant of outcome in high grade glioma, with increasing resection and lower residual tumour volume associated with improved survival. However, the oncologic benefit of aggressive resection is conditional on preservation of neurological function and timely delivery of adjuvant therapy. Much of the evidence informing operative strategy derives from highly resourced healthcare systems and may not be directly applicable across heterogeneous practice environments. We therefore sought to synthesise contemporary evidence regarding exten

Мультикорректный перекрестный анализ показывает механизмы заболеваний и лечебные цели HTLV-1-associated Миэлопатия, забытое нейро-воспалительное расстройство.

HTLV-1 это загадочный ретровирус, вызывающий изнурительное нервно-воспалительное заболевание, HTLV-1-associated Миэлопатия (HAM) с неизвестным патогенезом. Обе HTLV-1 Инфекция и ХАМ затрагивают главным образом женщин и небелые группы населения, которым не уделяется должного внимания. HAM не имеет лечения, которое могло бы привести к изменению болезней, поскольку нынешнее лечение в основном является симптоматическим и вдохновляет либо HIV-1 или множественные терапевтические стратегии склероза. Мы использовали системный биологический анализ новых и общедоступных данных, включая (эпи)геномику, тр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
HTLV-1 is an enigmatic retrovirus triggering a debilitating neuroinflammatory disease, HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), with unknown path … stly symptomatic and inspired by either HIV-1 or multiple sclerosis therapeutic strategies. We used systems biology analyses of novel and publicly available data comprising (epi)genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and proteomics of multi-ancestry cohorts from a total of > 2500 People Living with HTLV-1 from 5 countries (Brazil, Peru, Japan, UK, US). Leveragin …

Gender-based research underscores sex differences in biological processes, clinical disorders and pharmacological interventions.

Earlier research has presumed that the male and female biology is similar in most organs except the reproductive system, leading to major misconceptions in research interpretations and clinical implications, with serious disorders being overlooked or misdiagnosed. Careful research has now identified sex differences in the cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Also, several cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders have shown differences in prevalence and severity between males and females. Genetic variations in the sex

Investigating the role of EGF-CFC gene family in recurrent pregnancy loss through bioinformatics and molecular approaches.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is the most common reproductive failure, reaching 1-5% of women throughout their lives, and having unknown etiology in 50% of the cases. In humans, EGF-CFC1 (Epidermal Growth Factors & Cripto/FRL-1/Cryptic) gene family is composed by TDGF1 and CFC1, two developmental genes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EGF-CFC on RPL. To this, multiple approaches were performed; we conducted an expression analysis of TDGF1 and CFC1 using publicly available data from Gene Omnibus Expression (GEO), systems biology analyses and functional prediction; and a mo…

Protein Interactions Network of Hepatitis E Virus RNA and Polymerase With Host Proteins.

Host-pathogen interactions are crucial for the successful propagation of pathogens inside the host cell. Knowledge of interactions between host proteins and viral proteins or viral RNA may provide clues for developing novel antiviral strategies. Hepatitis E virus (HEV), a water-borne pathogen that causes acute hepatitis in humans, is responsible for epidemics in developing countries. HEV pathology and molecular biology have been poorly explored due to the lack of efficient culture systems. A contemporary approach, to better understand the viral infection cycle at the molecular level, is the us

Pivotal role of the muscle-contraction pathway in cryptorchidism and evidence for genomic connections with cardiomyopathy pathways in RASopathies.

BACKGROUND: Cryptorchidism is the most frequent congenital disorder in male children; however the genetic causes of cryptorchidism remain poorly investigated. Comparative integratomics combined with systems biology approach was employed to elucidate genetic factors and molecular pathways underlying testis descent. METHODS: Literature mining was performed to collect genomic loci associated with cryptorchidism in seven mammalian species. Information regarding the collected candidate genes was stored in MySQL relational database. Genomic view of the loci was presented using Flash GViewer web too…