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Wild Mushrooms: Potential Natural Sources of Antioxidant and Anti-Quorum Sensing Bioactive Compounds for Medical Applications.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at determining the antioxidant, anti-quorum sensing, and in vitro cytotoxic activities of five wild mushroom extracts. METHODS: Wild mushrooms of Auricularia auricula-judae, Termitomyces umkowaani, Trametes elegans, Trametes versicolor, and Microporus xanthopus were collected from Arabuko-Sokoke and Kakamega National Forests, in Kenya. Specimens were identified and extracted using chloroform (CHL), 70% ethanol (Eth), and hot water (HW) solvents. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the extracts were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and V…

Phase I trial of dolastatin-10 (NSC 376128) in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Dolastatin-10 (dola-10) is a potent antimitotic peptide, isolated from the marine mollusk Dolabela auricularia, that inhibits tubulin polymerization. Preclinical studies of dola-10 have demonstrated activity against a variety of murine and human tumors in cell cultures and mice models. The purpose of this Phase I clinical trial was to characterize the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and biological effects of dola-10 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Escalating doses of dola-10 were administered as an i.v. bolus every 21 days, using a modified Fibonacci dose escalation schema. P…

Composition Analysis and In Vitro Investigation on Antioxidant, α-Amylase, and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activities of Major Mushrooms in Qinling Mountains.

Edible mushrooms exhibit a range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-obesity, and hepatopr … naceus (Bull.) Pers. (H. erinaceus (Bull.) Pers.), White Hypsizygus marmoreus (White H. marmoreus), Auricularia auricular (L.ex Hook.) Undew (A. auricular (L.ex Hook.) Undew), Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar) (H. marmoreus (white cultivar)), Pleurotus eryngii (DC. Fr) Qu. (P. eryngii (DC. Fr) Qu.), Cordyceps militaris (L.) Link (C. militaris (L.) Link), …

Biomaterials from the sea: Future building blocks for biomedical applications.

Marine resources have tremendous potential for developing high-value biomaterials. The last decade has seen an increasing number of biomaterials that originate from marine organisms. This field is rapidly evolving. Marine biomaterials experience several periods of discovery and development ranging from coralline bone graft to polysaccharide-based biomaterials. The latter are represented by chitin and chitosan, marine-derived collagen, and composites of different organisms of marine origin. The diversity of marine natural products, their properties and applications are discussed thoroughly in t

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… The CD30-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris®) is derived from a sea hare known as Dolabella auricularia . … CDX-011 Dolabella auricularia Inhibit microtubule and monomethyl auristatin E Glembatumumab Vedotin Metastatic or locally-recurrent uveal melanoma Completed Has Results NCT02363283 [ 280 ] Phase II Tisotumab vedotin (HuMax®-TF-ADC) Dolastatin 10 Inhibit microtubules Tisotumab Vedotin (HuMax-TF-ADC) …

A Preclinical Evaluation of the Antitumor Activities of Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: A Molecular Insight.

Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the globe. For certain types of cancer, chemotherapy drugs have been extensively used for treatment. However, severe side effects and the development of resistance are the drawbacks of these agents. Therefore, development of new agents with no or minimal side effects is of utmost importance. In this regard, natural compounds are well recognized as drugs in several human ailments, including cancer. One class of fungi, "mushrooms," contains numerous compounds that exhibit interesting biological activities, including antitumor activity

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… MG63 cell line | 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 μM | NG | Activation of caspase 3,9, cleavage of PARP, ⊗AKT, FOXO↓, GSK3↓ Albatrellus confluens 26 | Neogrifolin | Osteosarcoma | U2OS, MG63 cell line | 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 μM | NG | Activation of caspase 3,9, cleavage of PARP, ⊗AKT, FOXO↓, GSK3↓, IAP↓ Auricularia … In another study, polysaccharide-induced apoptosis was demonstrated in human hepatoma cells, and polysaccharide was extracted from 3 medicinal mushrooms P linteus (PL), Ganoderma lucidum (GL), and Auricularia auricula (AA). 27 Three of the polysaccharides resulted in enhanced expression of p27 Kip in …

Dietary fungi in cancer immunotherapy: From the perspective of gut microbiota.

Immunotherapies are recently emerged as a new strategy in treating various kinds of cancers which are insensitive to standard therapies, while the clinical application of immunotherapy is largely compromised by the low efficiency and serious side effects. Gut microbiota has been shown critical for the development of different cancer types, and the potential of gut microbiota manipulation through direct implantation or antibiotic-based depletion in regulating the overall efficacy of cancer immunotherapies has also been evaluated. However, the role of dietary supplementations, especially fungal

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… In line with this, several studies also demonstrated the biological functions of polysaccharides from Cordyceps Sinensis , Auricularia auricular-judae , Ganoderma lucidum , Grifola frondose, Pleurotus ostreatus , Hericium erinaceus , and wild morels in reshaping gut microbiota and immune regulation ( … Polysaccharide isolated from auricularia auricular-judae (Bull.) prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice through modulating the composition of the gut microbiota . …

Marine Natural Products with Activities against Prostate Cancer: Recent Discoveries.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, with over 52,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Diagnostics and early treatment are potentially hindered by variations in screening protocols, still largely reliant on serum levels of acid phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen, with tumour diagnosis and grading relying on histopathological examination. Current treatment interventions vary in terms of efficacy, cost and severity of side effects, and relapse can be aggressive and resistant to the current standard of care. For these reasons, the scientific community is looking for new chemoth

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… MMAE is a synthetic derivative of dolastatin, a microtubule-destroying compound derived from the marine shell-less mollusk Dolabella Auricularia [ 138 ]. Tisotumab Vedotin is another ADC of tisotumab conjugated to MMAE. … Dolastatin 10 [ 142 ], originally isolated from the sea hare Dolabella auricularia , is the precursor compound of the reported auristatins, known to inhibit microtubules and possess apoptotic effects. …

An Updated Review on Marine Anticancer Compounds: The Use of Virtual Screening for the Discovery of Small-Molecule Cancer Drugs.

Marine secondary metabolites are a promising source of unexploited drugs that have a wide structural diversity and have shown a variety of biological activities. These compounds are produced in response to the harsh and competitive conditions that occur in the marine environment. Invertebrates are considered to be among the groups with the richest biodiversity. To date, a significant number of marine natural products (MNPs) have been established as antineoplastic drugs. This review gives an overview of MNPs, both in research or clinical stages, from diverse organisms that were reported as bein

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… Dolastatin-10 was isolated from the marine mollusk Dolabella auricularia and the marine cyanobacterium Symploca sp. [ 128 ]. This compound is a linear pentapeptide containing several unique amino acid subunits and is one of the most potent members of a large class of peptides [ 129 ]. … Dolastatins 10 and 15 are potent linear pentapeptides isolated from the marine sea hare Dolabella auricularia [ 128 , 161 ]. Dolastatin 10 and bryostatin 1 (a polyketide isolated from the bryozoan Bugula neritina ) can modulate the Bcl-2 and p53 oncoproteins in human diffuse large-cell lymphoma. …

Occult cirrhosis presenting as progressive tremor: acquired hepatocerebral degeneration induced by traditional Chinese medicine and natural health products, aggravated by manganese supplements: A case report.

RATIONALE: Acquired hepatocerebral degeneration (AHD) is a rare neurological complication of chronic liver disease or portosystemic shunting, typically characterized by extrapyramidal symptoms and manganese accumulation in the basal ganglia. Its diagnosis is particularly challenging in patients with occult cirrhosis and complex exposure histories, especially when traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) and natural health products (NHPs) contribute to hepatotoxicity. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 66-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of progressive postural and intention tremor, with marked wors

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… She also habitually consumed dried black fungus ( Auricularia auricula ) and various seafood products, including daily consuming of dried sea cucumber ( Stichopus spp.). She believed that these foods could strengthen her body following the diagnosis of MM. …

Acquired platelet disorders.

Platelets are essential to primary hemostasis, and defects in their number or function can lead to clinically significant bleeding or thrombosis. Acquired platelet disorders are far more common than the inherited forms and arise in a wide range of settings, including drug exposure, autoimmune, systemic, and critical illnesses. This review examines current understanding of the mechanisms driving acquired platelet dysfunction and outlines the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches that are shaping contemporary standards of care. Drug-related and immune-mediated platelet defects remain the most re

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… calcium ion mobilization, and activation of integrin αIIbβ3, increase cAMP ( 96 , 145 ) ‡ American Ginseng ( Panax quinquefolius ) | Synergistic effect in platelet inhibition when combined with DAPT ( 146 ) ‡ Willow ( Salix alba ) | Reduced AA- induced platelet aggregation ( 147 ) Black Tree Fungus ( Auricularia …

Oncofetal Chondroitin Sulfate Is a Highly Expressed Therapeutic Target in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Broad-spectrum therapeutics in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are in demand. Most human solid tumors express proteoglycans modified with distinct oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS) chains that can be detected and targeted with recombinant VAR2CSA (rVAR2) proteins and rVAR2-derived therapeutics. Here, we investigated expression and targetability of oncofetal CS expression in human NSCLC. High oncofetal CS expression is associated with shorter disease-free survival and poor overall survival of clinically annotated stage I and II NSCLC patients (n = 493). Oncofetal CS qualifies as an independ

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… Preparation of Drug Conjugate VDC-MMAE and Control-MMAE We chemically conjugated a potent anti-mitotic agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), derived from peptides occurring in marine shell-less mollusk Dolabella auricularia to rVAR2 via a maleimide-activated cathepsin B valine-citrulline cleavable …

Cytotoxicity of Gymnopilus purpureosquamulosus extracts on hematologic malignant cells through activation of the SAPK/JNK signaling pathway.

Treatment of hematologic malignancies is a formidable challenge for hematologists and there is an urgent need to identify safe and efficacious agents either via synthesis in the laboratory or isolation from natural products. Here, we report the cytotoxicity of extracts from mushroom Gymnopilus purpureosquamulosus Høil (G. pps) and describe its molecular mechanisms. Using leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma cell lines, 28-35 ppm G. pps extract inhibited cell proliferation by ~46-79%, which correlates with activation of apoptosis as indicated by increase in annexin V-positive cells (~5-8-fol

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… blazei , Cordyceps militaris , Lentinula edodes , Schizophyllum commune , Grifola frondosa , Pleurotus ostreatus , Hericium erinaceus , Inonotus obliquus , Inocybe umbrinella , Coprinus comatus , Fomes fomentarius , Fomitopsis lilacinogilva , Gymnopilus junonius , Pycnoporus sanguineus , Trametes spp., Auricularia …

Direct immunoactivation by chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer treatment.

The immune system plays a crucial role in recognizing and eliminating pathogenic substances and malignant cells in the body. For cancer treatment, immunotherapy is becoming the standard treatment for many types of cancer and is often combined with chemotherapy. Although chemotherapeutic agents are often reported to have adverse effects, including immunosuppression, they can also play a positive role in immunotherapy by directly stimulating the immune system. This has been demonstrated in preclinical and clinical studies in the past decades. Chemotherapeutics can activate immune cells through d

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… Blocking of the TLR-4 signaling pathway inhibited the expression of co-stimulatory molecules by 50%. [ 97 ] In addition to traditional chemotherapeutic drugs, dolastatin, a family of natural microtubule inhibitors isolated from Dolabella Auricularia, has also been shown to induce DC migration and maturation …

Biotechnological Innovations from Ocean: Transpiring Role of Marine Drugs in Management of Chronic Disorders.

Marine drugs are abundant in number, comprise of a diverse range of structures with corresponding mechanisms of action, and hold promise for the discovery of new and better treatment approaches for the management of several chronic diseases. There are huge reserves of natural marine biological compounds, as 70 percent of the Earth is covered with oceans, indicating a diversity of chemical entities on the planet. The marine ecosystems are a rich source of bioactive products and have been explored for lead drug molecules that have proven to be novel therapeutic targets. Over the last 70 years, m

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… Brentuximab vedotin has an antibody drug conjugate structure and is mainly developed with a dolastatin10-derived natural product molecule, monomethylauristatin E, isolated from the mollusk Dolabella auricularia . …

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… Numerous traditionally utilized mushrooms from the genera of Trametes, Ganoderma, Auricularia, Tremella, and Flammulina are known to have remarkable medicinal properties [ 141 ]. …

Molecular Delivery of Cytotoxic Agents via Integrin Activation.

Integrins are cell adhesion receptors overexpressed in tumor cells. A direct inhibition of integrins was investigated, but the best inhibitors performed poorly in clinical trials. A gained attention towards these receptors arouse because they could be target for a selective transport of cytotoxic agents. Several active-targeting systems have been developed to use integrins as a selective cell entrance for some antitumor agents. The aim of this review paper is to report on the most recent results on covalent conjugates between integrin ligands and antitumor drugs. Cytotoxic drugs thus conjugate

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… Moreover, they are synthetic analogs of Dolastatin 10, extracted from the sea hare Dolabella Auricularia , but they maintain the same so potent cytotoxic activity [ 98 , 99 ] that they cannot be used as drug themselves [ 100 ]; they are in fact used as payloads in a number of state-of-the-art antibody–drug …

Targeted Drug Delivery and Theranostic Strategies in Malignant Lymphomas.

Malignant lymphomas represent the most common type of hematologic malignancies. The first clinically approved TDD modalities in lymphoma patients were anti-CD20 radioimmunoconjugates (RIT) 131I-tositumomab and 90Y-ibritumomab-tiuxetan. The later clinical success of the first approved antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for the treatment of lymphomas, anti-CD30 brentuximab vedotin, paved the path for the preclinical development and clinical testing of several other ADCs, including polatuzumab vedotin and loncastuximab tesirine. Other modalities of TDD are based on new formulations of "old" cytostatic

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… The mitotic poisons include maytansine derivatives derived from the plant Maytenus ovatus DM1 (emtansine, mertansine) and DM4 (soravtansine, ravtansine) and auristatins derived from the marine gastropod Dolabella auricularia (monomethylauristatin E/vedotin/MMAE, monomethylauristatin F/mafodotin/MMAF) …

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

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… before irradiation) | X-ray, lethal dose (not specified) | Eliciting innate and adaptive immune responses by the homeostatic control of inducible T regulatory cells, and modulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) on immune cells | DMF: Not known | 38 Polysaccharides (Acanthopanax senticosus, Auricularia …

Marine Natural Products as Potent Anticancer Agents (2020-2024): Structural Diversity, SARs and Target Prediction.

In recent years, Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have emerged as a significant source for anticancer drug discovery, as many natural products can offer structural diversity, unique mechanisms of action, and relatively low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of MNPs with reported anticancer activities from 2020 to 2024. These compounds are classified into seven major categories: terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, polyketides, peptides and proteins, polysaccharides, and macrolides. For each category, we elaborate on the marine sources, structural identification, in vitro anticancer a

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… A particularly successful class is that of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), whose cytotoxic payloads are microtubule-disrupting agents (Monomethyl Auristatin E/F) derived from the marine mollusk Dolabella auricularia. …

Advancements in antibody-drug conjugates as cancer therapeutics.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising approach in targeted cancer therapy, combining the targeted precision of antibodies with the potency of cytotoxic payloads to selectively target tumour cell whilst minimising off-target effects. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of ADCs, encompassing their structural components, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications. It also examines recent technological advancements, particularly in antibody engineering and linker design, aimed at enhancing therapeutic efficacy and safety. The current clinical landscape is outlined, h

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… independent of the cell cycle is required since tubulin inhibitors primarily act on mitotic cells. 24 , 27 Interestingly, some experimental payloads used in ADC technology are immunotoxins derived from marine sources, such as monomethyl auristatin E, which is derived from the shell-less mollusc Dolabella Auricularia …