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Molecular mimicry between varicella, measles virus and Hsp60 in type 1 diabetes associated HLA-DR3/DR4 molecules.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that combines genetics and environmental factors. The aim of this study is to determine the environmental risk factors and to investigate how virals infections are risks factors for type 1 diabetics whom have HLA DR3/DR4 predisposition in our population. METHODS: This study includes 233 subjects, 145 diabetics and 88 controls from regions of the extreme western of Algeria. All the informations related to the disease were collected using predesigned questionnaire. Using in silico approach, we attempt to improve t

Tropism illuminated: lymphocyte-based pathways blazed by lethal morbillivirus through the host immune system.

The immunosuppressive properties of morbilliviruses including measles and canine distemper virus (CDV) are well known, but the host cells supporting infection are poorly characterized. To identify these cells, a recombinant CDV expressing green fluorescent protein was produced by reverse genetics based on a wild-type strain lethal for ferrets. This recombinant virus fully retained virulence and blazed three lymphocyte-based pathways through the immune system of its host: first, it infected rapidly and massively circulating B and T cells; second, it took over and damaged secondary lymphatic org

Amino acid changes accumulated in the fusion protein allow neuropathogenic measles viruses to use a broad repertoire of host factors for cell fusion triggering.

Measles virus (MeV), an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, is the causative agent of measles, an acute febrile illness with skin rash. MeV has two types of envelope glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein. The H protein initially binds to its receptors, signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) and nectin-4, triggering conformational changes in the F protein that result in virus-to-cell or cell-to-cell membrane fusion. MeV may persist in the brain, which does not express SLAMF1 and nectin-4, leadi

Infection and direct injury in human hepatocyte explants and a hepatoblastoma cell line due to hepatiticomimetic (non-hepatitis) viruses.

Hepatitis is caused by hepatitis viruses, but hepatitis or hepatocellular enzyme abnormalities is sometimes associated with infection by the hepatiticomimetic viruses. The direct and indirect effects of infection with hepatiticomimetic viruses were examined in two human hepatocyte systems. Poliovirus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus (HSV) induced cytopathology in Hep G2 cells. Measles virus caused no change in hepatocytes. Poliovirus infection did not affect cellular protein synthesis, and the peak of hepatocellular enzyme release coincided with the peak of virus release. The increase in

Health effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on wildlife, with special reference to the European situation.

Many wildlife species may be exposed to biologically active concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. There is strong evidence obtai … on declines, whereas impaired immune function has likely contributed to the mass mortalities due to morbillivirus infections. Distorted sex organ development and function in alligators has been related to a major pesticide spill into a lake in Florida, U.S.A. The observed estrogenic/antiandrogenic effects in this reptile have been causally linked in experimental studies w …

A novel monoclonal antibody targeting the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of peste des petits ruminants virus maintains neutralizing activity by blocking viral adsorption and receptor interaction.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects sheep and goats, posing a significant threat to small ruminant livestock production. The protective humoral immunity against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is mainly mediated by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein. To elucidate the functional antigenic determinants of the PPRV HN protein, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mAb), HN1D4-4D9. Epitope mapping analysis revealed that HN1D4-4D9 recognized a novel, conserved epitope (380ECLVEACK387), including a linear epitope (381C

Research Communications of the 26th ECVIM‐CA Congress

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Antibody-Based Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies.

As the most common type of cancer in the world, hematological malignancies (HM) account for 10% of all annual cancer deaths and have attracted more attention. Conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), could relieve patients suffering HM. However, serious side effects and high costs bring patients both physical complaints and mental pressure. Recently, compared with conventional therapeutic strategies for HM patients, antibody-based immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines, oncolytic virus therapies, monoclonal antibody tr

Oncolytic Viruses for Cancer Therapy in Dogs.

Cancer remains the leading cause of death in domestic dogs. Conventional therapeutic approaches, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, frequently fail to achieve sustained remission or stabilization. Oncolytic virotherapy, a rapidly advancing therapeutic modality in human oncology, is emerging as a novel strategy in veterinary medicine. This systematic review summarizes current knowledge on the application of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in canine cancer treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action, safety profiles, and clinical efficacy. We evaluate diverse OV platforms, includin

Disorders of the Spinal Cord

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Advancements in Immunology and Microbiology Research: A Comprehensive Exploration of Key Areas.

Immunology and microbiology research has witnessed remarkable growth and innovation globally, playing a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of immune mechanisms, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions. This manuscript presents a comprehensive exploration of the key areas in immunology research, spanning from the utilisation of bacterial proteins as antibody reagents to the intricate realms of clinical immunology and disease management. The utilisation of bacterial immunoglobulin-binding proteins (IBPs), including protein A (SpA), protein G (SpG), and protein L (SpL), has r

Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Morbillivirus infections: an introduction. Viruses. (2015) 7:699–706. 71. Yanagi Y, Takeda M, Ohno S. Measles virus: cellular receptors, tropism and pathogenesis. J Gen Virol. (2006) 87:2767–79. 72. Griffin DE. Measles Virus. In Fields Virology. 6th ed. …

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Basic Biology and Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. TNBC diagnoses account for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancer cases globally. The lack of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2, CD340) results in a lack of available molecular-based therapeutics. This increases the difficulty of treatment and leaves more traditional as well as toxic therapies as the only available standards of care in many cases. Recurrence is an additional serious problem, contributing substantially to its higher mortality rate as compared to

Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes.

Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials eva

An Extensive Review on Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Oncolytic Viruses Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Chemotherapy resistance and peculiar tumor microenvironment, which diminish or mitigate the effects of therapies, make pancreatic cancer one of the deadliest malignancies to manage and treat. Advanced immunotherapies are under consideration intending to ameliorate the overall patient survival rate in pancreatic cancer. Oncolytic viruses therapy is a new type of immunotherapy in which a virus after infecting and lysis the cancer cell induces/activates patients' immune response by releasing tumor antigen in the blood. The current review covers the pathways and molecular ablation that take place

Biology and Diseases of Dogs

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