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Metagenomic Profiling of Oral Microbiome Dynamics During Chemoradiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients.

BACKGROUND: We explored the interaction between the oral microbiome and the development of radiation-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT). We prospectively studied the oral microbiome and compared it to healthy controls. Additionally, we compared patients with low-grade (LGM) vs. high-grade mucositis (HGM). METHODS: Ten HNSCC patients scheduled for CRT were included. Saliva samples were characterized prior to, during, and nine months after CRT using metagenomic sequencing. We similarly characterized samples from seven

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… Our analysis revealed the Proteobacteria phylum, including the Neisseriales order and Neisseria genus and the Pasteurellales order, including the Haemophilus genus, to be related to nonsmokers, whereas the Actinomycetaceae family was related to active smokers. …

From Pathogenesis to Intervention: The Importance of the Microbiome in Oral Mucositis.

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common and impactful toxicity of standard cancer therapy, affecting up to 80% of patients. Its aetiology centres on the initial destruction of epithelial cells and the increase in inflammatory signals. These changes in the oral mucosa create a hostile environment for resident microbes, with oral infections co-occurring with OM, especially at sites of ulceration. Increasing evidence suggests that oral microbiome changes occur beyond opportunistic infection, with a growing appreciation for the potential role of the microbiome in OM development and severity. This review c

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… The results demonstrated that the severe OM healing delay group had a higher abundance of Actinobacteria phylum and Veillonellaceae, Actinomycetaceae families and Veillonella genus. …

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