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Multiple myelomas in cats.

Multiple myelomas are uncommon neoplasms of the bone marrow of cats [Weber NA, Tebeau CS (1998) An unusual presentation of multiple myeloma in two cats. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association34 (6), 477-483]. Nine cats diagnosed with multiple myelomas were retrospectively identified over a 16-year period (1986-2002). Cats with multiple myelomas were older than 7 years (mean age 11.7 years); six males and three females were affected (2.1), but no breed predisposition was evident. Treatment of multiple myelomas consisted of supportive management in the nine cats and anti-neoplastic

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… Contrast myelography was performed in two cats. Ante-mortem surgical bone marrow aspirates were collected in eight cats (cases 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9) with a Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle. … Contrast myelography was performed in two of the cats and revealed extradural compressive lesion caused by tissue expansion from the bone marrow in cases 6 and 3 ( Fig 4 ). …

The Use of Imaging in Management of Patients with Low Back Pain.

Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common chief complaints encountered in primary care. Advanced imaging studies, including computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are frequently ordered in the setting of LBP. Structural abnormalities are commonly identified by CT and MRI in patients complaining of low back pain, however, these findings are also found in asymptomatic patients. In the past decade, multiple guidelines have been published to help providers identify patients in whom the use of advanced imaging is appropriate. In this article, we review common condi

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… In patients who are unable to undergo MRI, myelography can be used as an alternative.[ 18 ] Figure 4 A 24-year-old male presented with bilateral lower extremity paralysis and loss of sensation after a motor vehicle collision. … In patients who cannot safely undergo MRI, CT with or without myelography can be considered as a less sensitive alternative diagnostic imaging tool. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. …

The leptomeninges as a critical organ for normal CNS development and function: First patient and public involved systematic review of arachnoiditis (chronic meningitis).

BACKGROUND & IMPORTANCE: This patient and public-involved systematic review originally focused on arachnoiditis, a supposedly rare "iatrogenic chronic meningitis" causing permanent neurologic damage and intractable pain. We sought to prove disease existence, causation, symptoms, and inform future directions. After 63 terms for the same pathology were found, the study was renamed Diseases of the Leptomeninges (DLMs). We present results that nullify traditional clinical thinking about DLMs, answer study questions, and create a unified path forward. METHODS: The prospective PRISMA protocol is pu

Proceedings 27th Symposium ESVN‐ECVN

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… Twenty paraplegic (deep pain present) or paraparetic dogs with thoracolumbar IVDD, diagnosed using myelography and/or CT, were submitted to hemilaminectomy. Meningeal contacts during surgery were quantified for each patient. … In the other eight animals the presumptive diagnosis was made according with clinical and neurological signs and by observing changes in plain/chest radiographs and myelography. Six dogs underwent surgery, and the results were good in two, who remained free of disease until now. …

[Malignant transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance].

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is found in approximately 3% of the general population aged 50 years or older. MGUS is a premalignant state. The risk of malignant transformation is about 1% per year. Some factors predictive of malignant transformation have been identified: type of serum monoclonal protein, monoclonal protein value, bone marrow plasmocytosis and serum free light chain ratio. Predictive scores combining these factors have recently been proposed and make it possible to identify groups of patients with significantly different rates of transformation. Thes

[Imaging study and clinical application of unilateral biportal endoscopy technique for upper lumbar disc herniation via contralateral approach].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between the bony structures, nerve, and indentations of ligamentum flavum of the upper lumbar sp … rs (mean, 5.7 years). There was 1 case of L 1, 2, 4 cases of L 2, 3, and 16 cases of L 3, 4. The CT myelography data of T 12-S 3 segment was saved in DICOM format and imported into Mimics21.0 software for three-dimensional reconstruction. The relationship between the intersection (point Q) of spinous process and the inferior margin of lamina, the indentation …

A Comprehensive Review of the Role of the Latest Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Techniques and Outcomes for Brain and Spinal Surgeries.

Minimally invasive neurosurgical techniques offer reduced surgical trauma, lower complication rates, and faster recovery compared to traditional open procedures. Approaches such as keyhole craniotomy, endoscopic skull base surgery, endovascular neurosurgery, and percutaneous spinal techniques have advanced the management of cranial and spinal pathologies. These methods aim to minimize tissue disruption, blood loss, and hospital stay while maintaining surgical efficacy. This narrative review explores their evolution, applications, and advantages in modern neurosurgery.

Neurology

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… With increasing availability of advanced imaging modalities, myelography is becoming less commonly used, but it still remains a viable means of diagnosing this disorder. … A positive FeLV test raises the index of suspicion for spinal lymphoma, but confirmatory neurodiagnostics are warranted and may include myelography, CT scan, MRI, and CSF analysis. …

Comprehensive Insights into Metastasis-Associated Spinal Cord Compression: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review

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… Imaging techniques, including MRI, CT, and myelography, offer detailed visualization of spinal cord lesions, facilitating precise localization and characterization of metastatic deposits. … Though it was once common, myelography has now been largely replaced by MRI and CT due to technological advancements [ 36 ]. Figure 2 MRI of thoracolumbar renal metastasis. ( A ) Sagittal plane, ( B ) Axial plane. Figure 3 MRI—Spinal cord compression due to metastatic renal tumour. …

Multiple myeloma revealed by spinal cord compression and herpes zoster in a 36-year-old Cameroonian.

Multiple myeloma is a malignant plasma cell disorder occurring mostly in people above 60 years old. The authors describe a case of multiple myeloma in a 36-year-old patient revealed by spinal cord compression and Herpes zoster with a rapidly unfavourable outcome.

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… On vertebral CT-scan with myelography, there was partial compression of the spinal cord from T6 to T8 with multifocal vertebral osteolysis. CSF analysis showed an increased protein level at 0.75g/l, normal glucose level and no cells. …

Recurrence of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma affecting both optic nerves: a case report.

PURPOSE: To present a case of atypically located plasmacytoma recurrence with bilateral involvement of the optic nerves. OBSERVATIONS: A 73-year-old man with diabetes, essential hypertension, and primary hypercholesterolemia presented to our clinic with subjective visual loss in his left eye. The patient had a previous history of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the spinal cord, which was treated with resection surgery at the thoracic T6-T12 levels and curative radiotherapy two years prior. The ophthalmological examination indicated best-corrected visual acuity of 20/50 (0.4 logMAR) in

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… A complementary CT myelography showed no MM signs in the skeleton. Unexpectedly, blood tests showed no visible M component in the serum, and lumbar puncture showed normal levels of proteins and no evidence of intrathecal IgG production. Hence, MM and other plasma cell neoplasia were ruled out. …

Thoracic spinal metastasis of merkel cell carcinoma in an immunocompromised patient: case report.

Study Design Case report. Objective Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an uncommon cutaneous neuroendocrine malignancy, is a rare cause of spinal metastasis, with only five cases previously reported. We report a rare case of MCC metastatic to the spine in an immunocompromised patient. Methods A 55-year-old male with previously resected MCC, immunocompromised due to cardiac transplant, presented with sharp mid-thoracic back pain radiating around the trunk to the midline. Computed tomography of the thoracic spine showed a dorsal epidural mass from T6 to T8 with compression of the spinal cord. Laminect

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… MRI is highly recommended for imaging of epidural mass, but in case of its contraindication, CT-myelography can also provide more detailed data on the tumor. …

MRI Grading Scale Predicts Ambulatory Function After Radiotherapy for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression: A Prospective Single-Institution Observational Study.

IntroductionAlthough magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important modality for the diagnosis of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC), there are only a few reports on MSCC findings and symptoms after radiotherapy. We aimed to reveal the factors related to ambulatory function after treatment, including the MRI findings, in a prospective observational study.MethodsPatients with suspected MSCC who were treated with radiotherapy were included in this study. Orthopedic surgeons evaluated the neurological function according to the Frankel grade. All patients underwent spinal MRI, and the deg

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… In a prospective study by Young et al. [ 19 ], it was noted that patients with complete blocks on myelography may have better ambulatory outcomes with RT plus surgery compared to RT alone. It is assumed that the greater the degree of compression, the stronger the mass effect is on the spinal cord. …

Spinal Epidural Abscess.

AUDIENCE: The aim of this simulation case is to educate senior medical students, resident physicians, and advanced practice providers on the … preferred imaging modality for diagnosing spinal epidural abscesses. Computed tomography (CT) with myelography can be considered if MRI is contraindicated.1 Given that abscesses may be multifocal, further spinal imaging beyond a single spinal segment should be considered during evaluation. Lumbar puncture is not recommended due to risk of iatrogenic infectio …

Knee bone tumors: findings on conventional radiology.

The knee is a common site for bone tumors, whether clinically painful or not. Conventional radiology has been established as the first line of investigation in patients with knee pain and can reveal lesions that often generate questions not only for the generalist physician but also for the radiologist or general orthopedist. History, image examination, and histopathological analysis compose the essential tripod of the diagnosis of bone tumors, and conventional radiology is an essential diagnostic tool in patients with knee pain. This pictorial essay proposes to depict the main conventional ra

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… Plasmacytic hyperplasia on myelography confirms the diagnosis ( 1 - 4 ) . …

Current Advancements in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression and Its Postintervention Care: A Comprehensive Review.

Malignant spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a serious oncological emergency that can result in neurological impairment and significant pain. It is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and a decrease in quality of life. This review reviews the current literature concerning diagnosis, guidelines, timely intervention, and management options in oncology patients with MSCC. A literature search of PubMed using relevant keywords and MeSH terms yielded 604 articles. Of these, 31 studies met the predefined inclusion criteria and were selected for detailed data extraction and synthesis into a narr

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… Alternative modalities, such as CT-myelography and PET-CT, are used in cases with bone marrow involvement, limited access to MRI, or when there are contraindications to MRI. …

Utility of the fast-field-echo resembling a computed tomography using restricted echo-spacing sequence in evaluating ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine.

BACKGROUND: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is a degenerative disease of the cervical spine. Due to the ectopic calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, the spinal cord or nerve roots may be compressed, producing neurological symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of OPLL; however, its ability to visualize soft-tissue lesions is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the fast-field-echo resembling a computed tomography using restricted echo-spacing (F

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… Therefore, at present, FRACTURE alone is not yet sufficient to replace myelography CT for detailed preoperative surgical planning, especially in cases requiring precise evaluation of the relationship between OPLL and spinal cord lesions. …

Advances in Imaging for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression: A Comprehensive Review of Detection, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning.

Metastatic epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a critical oncologic emergency caused by the invasion of metastatic tumors into the spinal epidural space, leading to compression of the spinal cord. If not promptly diagnosed and treated, MESCC can result in irreversible neurological deficits, including paralysis, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial to prevent permanent damage. Imaging modalities play a pivotal role in the diagnosis, assessment of disease extent, and treatment planning for MESCC. Magnetic resonance ima

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… CT myelography [ 9 ] | Combines CT with contrast dye in the spinal canal for detailed spinal cord imaging. | Useful in patients who cannot undergo MRI; it provides a detailed visualization of nerve root compression. | Invasive, using contrast dye and radiation, limited soft tissue resolution compared …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs.

This study reports the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 pot-bellied pigs presented to our institution with neurological deficits. Nine pigs had abnormal MRI findings (7 with spinal cord localization and 2 with brain localization), with three of them having histopathological confirmation of the diagnoses. MRI diagnoses included a myopathy suspected to be secondary to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a round cell neoplasia involving the vertebral canal, myelomalacia, a cervical cyst like extradural lesion, pelvic fracture with secondary cauda equina involvement, two cases of fibrocar

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… Suter PF Obrien TR Morgan JP Holliday TA Myelography in dog - diagnosis of tumors of spinal-cord and vertebrae . J Am Vet Radiol Soc. ( 1971 ) 12 : 29 10.1111/j.1740-8261.1971.tb00400.x 7. Wright JA The pathological features associated with spinal tumors in 29 dogs . …

Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) in dogs typically is treated with melphalan. A daily melphalan dosing schedule reportedly is well tolerated and associated with favorable outcome. Although anecdotally a pulse dose regimen has resulted in successful responses, little long-term outcome and safety data is available regarding this dosing regimen for dogs with MM.Hypothesis/objectives(1) To compare outcome and adverse event profiles between pulse dose and daily dose melphalan schedules and (2) to report prognostic factors in dogs with MM treated with melphalan. We hypothesized that both protocols wo

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… Contrast myelography, performed in 2 dogs that were presented with paraparesis, identified extradural compression at the level of T12/T13 and L5. In both dogs, hemilaminectomies with subsequent histologic examination identified plasma cell tumor and resulted in resolution of paraparesis. …