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Look-alike, sound-alike oncology medications.

Confusing medication names and packaging may cause or contribute to potentially harmful medication errors. The names of several chemotherapy and supportive agents can look or sound like the names of other chemotherapy agents or unrelated medications and can be inadvertently interchanged, or mixed up. Poor handwriting, abbreviations of medication names, unclear verbal medication orders, memory lapses, and the large volume of medications currently in use are risk factors for look-alike, sound-alike medication errors. Risk reduction strategies include being aware of medications that look or sound

Medical decision analysis for personalized oncology at the patient bedside.

Medical decision analysis is a method to make rational clinical decisions under uncertainty, enabling a mathematical combination of probabilities and utilities (i.e. values assigned to outcomes under risk). Decision analysis is commonly used in health economics, but it is underexploited in the clinic. With a view to fostering the use of medical decision analysis at the cancer patient bedside, this paper provides basic templates for some typical clinical decisions in cancer treatment, namely affecting: the quantity/quality of life trade-offs in curable cancer; adjuvant/neoadjuvant treatments; c

Proton therapy in breast cancer: bridging medical and radiation oncology.

Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy among women globally, and postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) is essential for improving local control and overall survival. Proton therapy (PT) is emerging as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy due to its ability to reduce dose exposure to healthy tissues. It could be of particular use in patients requiring radiotherapy to the internal mammary chain, a population that is likely to also be undergoing systemic therapy as part of their breast cancer treatment. This review evaluates current preclinical and clinical data on the integration of

[Current aspects and problems relating to medical ethics in oncology].

A case history of a breast cancer patient is used to exemplify ethical dilemmas in medical oncology: information of a cancer patient and his family, ethical problems with genetic testing, ethical issues with do-not-resuscitate-orders, ethical dilemmas with limited resources, problems with insurance companies, ethical issues in clinical trials and questions in dying patients including physician-assisted suicide and active euthanasia. Medical oncologists have to develop skills in recognizing ethical dilemmas in patient care and must prepare to cope with the many and complex ethical issues in the…

The Role of Dental Practitioners in the Management of Oncology Patients: The Head and Neck Radiation Oncology Patient and the Medical Oncology Patient.

This narrative review addresses the role of a dentist in the management of oncology patients, highlighting the oral complications that arise in head and neck radiation oncology patients and medical oncology patients. The prevention and management of these complications are discussed.

Neutropaenic enterocolitis: A medical/surgical oncological dilemma.

Neutropaenic enterocolitis (NE) is a life-threatening condition characterised by an inflammation of the colon and/or the small bowel in the background of chemotherapy-induced neutropaenia. A 16-year-old girl with acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) developed fever, right-sided abdominal pain and tenderness with severe neutropaenia. Initial ultrasound findings suggested acute appendicitis for which she had surgery. She developed recurrent symptoms 3 weeks later. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed features of NE, but she succumbed to the illness. Another 17-year-old boy with AML devel

Is the prevalence of the medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws underestimated, evaluation in oncological and non-oncological disease.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw in Slovak population and compare the literature findings, whether the prevalence of MRONJ is underestimated. BACKGROUND: Antiresorptive drugs significantly increase quality of life, although during therapy, or in post-treatment period, osteonecrosis of the jaws might occur as a severe adverse effect. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a severe problem that has been observed in the past few years. METHODS: This multi-centric study evaluates the prevalence in

Educational needs in neuro-oncology: Insights from the European Society for Medical Oncology Central Nervous System Faculty Survey.

BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are rare malignancies with limited treatment options, resulting in high mortality. Unlike other solid tumors, CNS tumors present unique challenges that impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients and caregivers. Effective management requires balancing oncologic treatment with the control of neurocognitive deficits, epilepsy, and other neurological symptoms. METHODS: The European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) CNS Faculty conducted a consensus process to identify the most pressing educational priorities for physicia…

Artificial Intelligence-Generated Electronic Medical Record Summarization in Breast Surgical Oncology.

BACKGROUND: Reviewing pathology, imaging, and consultation documents in oncology can be time-consuming, particularly when records originate from external facilities in different file formats. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)-enabled GPT-4o summarization agent on clinical workflows and quality of outside-record summaries in breast surgical oncology. METHODS: Initial performance evaluation of a GPT-4o/RAG agent to generate summaries of oncologic reports in 50 charts followed by a prospective pilot test of sequential cases, with each AI summary ev

Recent Population-Level Trends in Utilization of Outpatient Medical Oncology Services.

PURPOSE: Despite growing demand for medical oncology services, there is limited literature on trends in service utilization, and current workload models focus solely on incident caseloads. We characterized population-level trends in outpatient medical oncology service utilization among patients diagnosed with common solid tumors. METHODS: A cohort of all patients age ≥18 years, diagnosed between January 2015 and December 2022 with one of the seven solid tumors (lung, colon, rectal, pancreas, breast, melanoma, or prostate cancer) was identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry. Administrative …

Medical cannabis use in oncology and associated outcomes: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Natural and synthetic cannabinoids are being used worldwide to treat various symptoms in cancer patients. This study aims to map the therapeutic benefits and adverse effects associated with the use of cannabis-based drugs in these outcomes. METHODS: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines a scoping review was conducted. The study protocol was available in the Open Science Framework public repository. An extensive search strategy involving databases like Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, Medline/PubMed, Lilacs, Google Scholar, and Open Gray for gray literature analysis was exe

Screen-based digital learning methods in radiation oncology and medical education.

The field of radiation oncology is rapidly advancing through technological and biomedical innovation backed by robust research evidence. In addition, cancer professionals are notoriously time-poor, meaning there is a need for high quality, accessible and tailored oncological education programs. Digital learning (DL) is well-placed to cater to these needs, as it provides teaching options that can be delivered flexibly and on-demand from anywhere in the world. The evidence for usage of these techniques in medical education has expanded rapidly in recent years. However, there remains many reserva

New agents in medical oncology and the risk of venous thromboembolism.

Over the past several years the medical approach to cancer patients has made important steps forward both in the field of novel, selective, … isk of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients during treatment with new agents currently used in medical oncology together with data concerning the clinical value of a concomitant prophylactic anticoagulation. At present, additional information concerning safety in terms of thromboembolic risk of novel biological and molecular therapies should be collected from …

The impact of a palliative medicine consultation service in medical oncology.

This prospective study of consecutive patients describes the palliative medicine consult service in a tertiary level cancer center and its i … n. In all, 240 patients were seen: 79% were referred for symptom management; 53% were referred from medical oncology; and 50% were women. Median patient age was 67 years (range 18-96). Median performance status was 2 (1-4). Most (84%) of the patients had cancer. The cancer sites were: lung in 26% of cases, colorectal in 8%, and breast in 7%. Inpatients accounted f …

Primary prevention of venous thromboembolism in medical and surgical oncology patients.

Recent data suggest that patients with a malignancy have a seven-fold increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared with those without cancer, suggesting that these patients may benefit from thromboprophylaxis. Mechanisms for the prevention of thromboembolism can be divided into two broad categories: mechanical and pharmacological. Although generally used in combination with pharmacotherapy, little evidence exists for the efficacy of mechanical modalities either in the broader population of patients at risk for VTE or for patients with cancer specifically. A recent study using gradu

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… They include those developed by the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and the American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP). … Pharmacological trials with new agents are best conducted in patient populations with specific tumours, particularly in high-risk tumour groups (e.g., pancreas, stomach, kidney, bladder, uterus, and lung) ( Chew et al , 2006 ) and in medical oncology patients. …

A cross-sectional, comparative, syndromic description of oncological mixed pain in Medical Oncology units in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: The reason cancer pain remains prevalent and hard to classify may be partially explained by the failure to identify neuropathic mechanisms. The objective of this research was to identify the syndromes of cancer pain that may be particularly hard to manage due to their mixed pathophysiology. DESIGN: A series of 384 patients who had cancer of any type, at any stage, and suffered from chronic pain (symptom onset > 3 months) were assessed during a routine return visit in Spain. Medical oncologists indicated the presence and pathophysiology of 33 predefined pain syndromes on a per-patie

Optimizing Patient Education of Oncology Medications: A Patient Perspective.

The medication information needs of patients with cancer have been primarily studied using quantitative methods and little qualitative research on this topic exists. The purpose of this study was to explore patients' perspectives of optimal oncology medication education provided to patients at the Nova Scotia Health Authority (NSHA). Adult (≥ 18 years) outpatients in medical, gynecological and hematology oncology at NSHA were invited to participate in focus groups, which were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. Three focus groups, including 21 outpatients, were conducted. Fo

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… Participants Medical oncology, gynecology oncology, and hematology oncology adult (≥ 18 years or older) outpatients at NSHA who received ≥ 75% of their prescribed chemotherapy protocol, completed at least three cycles of chemotherapy, were currently receiving second or greater line of chemotherapy, …

[Intensive medical care problems of hemato-oncological patients].

The life expectancy and prevalence of malignant diseases is continuously on the rise, which inevitably leads to an increase of critically ill cancer patients. This article explains why the prognosis of cancer patients in the intensive care unit has markedly improved over the last decades, what the reasons for admission are and which risk factors affect mortality. Furthermore, the importance of correct patient selection and other specific topics will be discussed. Accordingly, acute respiratory failure for example is the most common organ dysfunction in these patients and has specific prognosti

[Cost of medications in the oncology sector in the context of health economics].

The incidence of cancer has been increasing throughout Europe for decades. In 2003 in Austria, 36,689 people developed malignant tumours, that is 26.7% more than in 1986. In total, every third person will have cancer during their life-time. However the total number of people dying from cancer remains more or less constant. This is due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, almost one-third of the fall in mortality in the period from 1995-2003 being attributable to the use of modern anti-cancer medications. The cost factor related to modern cancer treatment is increasingly a subject for discus