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Tumor-Targeted Nanomedicine for Immunotherapy.

Therapeutic manipulation of the immune system against cancer has revolutionized the treatment of several advanced-stage tumors. While many have benefited from these treatments, the proportion of patients responding to immunotherapies is still low. Nanomedicines have promise to revolutionize tumor treatments through spatiotemporal control of drug activity. Such control of drug function could allow enhanced therapeutic actions of immunotherapies and reduced side effects. However, only a handful of formulations have been able to reach human clinical studies so far, and even fewer systems are bein…

Targeting tumor microenvironment with photodynamic nanomedicine.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is approved for the treatment of certain cancers and precancer lesions. While early Photosensitizers (PS) have found their way to the clinic, research in the last two decades has led to the development of third-generation PS, including photodynamic nanomedicine for improved tumor delivery and minimal systemic or phototoxicity. In terms of nanoparticle design for PDT, we are witnessing a shift from passive to active delivery for improved outcomes with reduced PS dosage. Tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises of a complex and dynamic landscape with myriad potential tar…

Ferritin-based nanomedicine for disease treatment.

Ferritin is an endogenous protein which is self-assembled by 24 subunits into a highly uniform nanocage structure. Due to the drug-encapsulating ability in the hollow inner cavity and abundant modification sites on the outer surface, ferritin nanocage has been demonstrated great potential to become a multi-functional nanomedicine platform. Its good biocompatibility, low toxicity and immunogenicity, intrinsic tumor-targeting ability, high stability, low cost and massive production, together make ferritin nanocage stand out from other nanocarriers. In this review, we summarized ferritin-based na…

Nanomedicine for Maternal and Fetal Health.

Conception, pregnancy, and childbirth are complex processes that affect both mother and fetus. Thus, it is perhaps not surprising that in th … routes of local and systemic administration, including the blood-follicle barrier and the placenta. Nanomedicine presents a unique opportunity to target and sustain drug delivery to the reproductive tract and other relevant organs in the mother and fetus, as well as improve the safety profile and minimize side effects. Nanomedicine-based approaches have the po …

Microenvironment-Based Diabetic Foot Ulcer Nanomedicine.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), one of the most serious complications of diabetes, are essentially chronic, nonhealing wounds caused by diabetic … nt of DFU have been developed with positive effects in DFU therapy, forming a novel concept of "DFU nanomedicine". However, a systematic overview of DFU nanomedicine is still unavailable in the literature. This review summarizes the microenvironmental characteristics of DFU, presents the main progress of wound healing, and summaries the state-of-the-art therap …

Nanomedicine: Principles, Properties, and Regulatory Issues.

Several scientific areas have benefited significantly from the introduction of nanotechnology and the respective evolution. This is especially noteworthy in the development of new drug substances and products. This review focuses on the introduction of nanomedicines in the pharmaceutical market, and all the controversy associated to basic concepts related to these nanosystems, and the numerous methodologies applied for enhanced knowledge. Due to the properties conferred by the nanoscale, the challenges for nanotechnology implementation, specifically in the pharmaceutical development of new dru…

Polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for theranostic nanomedicine.

Polysaccharides are natural biological molecules that have numerous advantages for theranostics, the integrated approach of therapeutics and … sical or chemical cross-linked) when engineering polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for theranostic nanomedicine. We highlight recent examples of polysaccharide-based theranostic systems from literature and their potential for use in the clinic, particularly chitosan- and hyaluronic acid-based NPs.

Imaging and nanomedicine in inflammatory atherosclerosis.

Bioengineering provides unique opportunities to better understand and manage atherosclerotic disease. The field is entering a new era that merges the latest biological insights into inflammatory disease processes with targeted imaging and nanomedicine. Preclinical cardiovascular molecular imaging allows the in vivo study of targeted nanotherapeutics specifically directed toward immune system components that drive atherosclerotic plaque development and complication. The first multicenter trials highlight the potential contribution of multimodality imaging to more efficient drug development. Thi…

The Theranostic Path to Personalized Nanomedicine.

Advances in nanotechnology and chemical engineering have led to the development of many different drug delivery systems. These 1-100(0) nm-s … ites, and we discuss how nanotheranostics and image-guided drug delivery can be used to personalize nanomedicine treatments.

Nanomedicine in cardiovascular therapy: recent advancements.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is comprised of a group of disorders affecting the heart and blood vessels of the human body and is one of the … neous coronary intervention and nonsurgical candidate patients for coronary artery bypass grafting. Nanomedicine has emerged as a potential strategy in dealing with these obstacles. Applications of nanotechnology in medicine are already underway and offer tremendous promise. This review explores the recent developments of nanotechnology in the field of CVD and …

Advancing nanomedicine for military cold-zone operations: a global perspective on innovations in nanomedicine and future directions.

Soldiers working in cold zones and Arctic regions face physiological challenges that lead to hypothermia, frostbite, and cold-induced conditions, which lowers their chances of survival and operational effectiveness. Nanomedicine is the innovative approach in drug delivery and the development of nanomaterials and diagnostic tools to produce ground-breaking solutions. This paper reviews advancements in thermoregulation control using nanotechnology, hypothermia treatment using nanoparticles, protective solutions for treating frostbite, and wearable nanosensors to investigate the current nanomedic…

Treating venous malformations with nanomedicines.

Venous malformations (VMs) are congenital vascular anomalies that cause pain, bleeding, and functional impairment, yet current first-line therapies such as sclerotherapy and surgical resection are limited by complications and high recurrence rates. Nanomedicine provides a promising alternative by exploiting the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR)-like effect to achieve selective accumulation of nanoparticles (NPs) within VMs. Preclinical studies support the use of NPs not only for improved drug delivery but also for non-pharmacologic based treatment, such as photothermal therapy. Furthermo…

Advances in nanomedicines for malaria treatment.

Malaria is an infectious disease that mainly affects children and pregnant women from tropical countries. The mortality rate of people infected with malaria per year is enormous and became a public health concern. The main factor that has contributed to the success of malaria proliferation is the increased number of drug resistant parasites. To counteract this trend, research has been done in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, for the development of new biocompatible systems capable of incorporating drugs, lowering the resistance progress, contributing for diagnosis, control and treatment of mal…

A Recent Review on Cancer Nanomedicine.

Cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases globally and is the second major cause of death in the United States. Despite the continuous efforts to understand tumor mechanisms and various approaches taken for treatment over decades, no significant improvements have been observed in cancer therapy. Lack of tumor specificity, dose-related toxicity, low bioavailability, and lack of stability of chemotherapeutics are major hindrances to cancer treatment. Nanomedicine has drawn the attention of many researchers due to its potential for tumor-specific delivery while minimizing unwanted side effects…

Nanomedicines for Therapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar is a vector borne infectious disease caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. VL is endemic in more than 85 countries with an estimated 0.2-0.5 million people at risk, causing high morbidity and mortality across the globe. In the absence of effective vaccines, treatment solely relies on chemotherapy and can be 100% fatal within two years, if left untreated. However, the present chemotherapeutics is limited by toxicity, non-compliance, location of parasites within the lysosomal vacuoles of macrophages, impairing the accession of many po

Nanomedicine for Combination Therapy of Cancer.

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… It is thus no surprise that recent clinical trials of nanomedicines have focused on evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapies. … Combination nanomedicines can be further modified with antibody or other tumor-targeting molecules to increase tumor deposition. …

Designer adenoviruses for nanomedicine and nanodiagnostics.

With the recent explosion of interest in the field of nanobiotechnology, viruses are now finding new applications in materials science and medicine. Here, we discuss the engineering of 'smart' nanoparticles that are based upon recombinant adenovirus (Ad) vectors and that combine multiple functions of targeting, imaging and drug delivery. We focus on the use of Ads as a carrier and delivery system for macromolecules other than DNA and develop the rationale behind using Ads for such applications. Due to the modular nature of the Ad capsid, multiple therapeutic or diagnostic modalities, such as t

Nanosomes in Precision Nanomedicine (Second Edition).

Nanosomes are small vesicles that are used in precision nanomedicine to deliver therapeutic drugs to specific cells or tissues [...].

Emerging nanomedicine for liver diseases treatment.

The liver is the largest parenchymal organ in the human body, crucial for overall health. However, hepatic diseases have become a global epidemic, causing significant burdens. While traditional therapies for liver diseases such as hepatic fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma have shown limited efficacy and significant side effects, the advent of nanotechnology has introduced novel and promising therapeutic strategies. Nanomedicine, with its excellent biocompatibility, surface modification capabilities, and high targeting ability, has the potential to revolu…