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Nestin expression in cortical dysplasia.

OBJECT: It is recognized that cortical dysplasia (CD) is associated with an increased incidence of glioneuronal neoplasms. Among hypothetical considerations, there is the possibility that CD and other neuronal migration abnormalities harbor dysmature cells with the potential to give rise to glioneuronal neoplasms. Such cells, if present, would be reasonably expected to display immature features. The goal of the present study was to characterize the expression of nestin, a neuroepithelial precursor/stem cell antigen, in CD, along with other pathological and clinical features of this entity. ME

Combined Tc-99m MIBI and Tc-99m RBC for anatomic localization of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenomas.

Preoperative localization of abnormal parathyroid tissue in patients with persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism is recommended as a standard of care. A high percentage of these patients have ectopic tissue in the mediastinum. Tc-99m MIBI imaging alone for detection of ectopic parathyroid tissue in the mediastinum does not provide a sufficient number of anatomic landmarks, which makes communication regarding the exact location of any area of abnormal uptake difficult. We report the use of concomitant Tc-99m RBC and Tc-99m MIBI imaging for precise anatomic localization of ectopic mediastin

Neuropathy and vasculopathy in colonic strictures from children with cystic fibrosis.

Colonic strictures are rare in patients who have cystic fibrosis, but recently have developed in those who have been treated with delayed-release high-dose pancreatic enzyme supplements. Colonic strictures from eight such pediatric patients showed neural abnormalities consisting of ganglion cell hyperplasia and ectopia, and intermyenteric plexus hyperplasia. Cholinergic and adrenergic stains of mucosal nerve fibers were more prominent in histological sections of the cystic fibrosis strictures than in sections from colons of children without cystic fibrosis. The mean grade of staining with acet

Spontaneous and estrogen-produced tumors in Nb rats and their behavior after transplantation.

Tumors in rats of the Nb strain, arising either spontaneously or after prolonged treatment with s.c. pellets of estrogen, were transplanted to establish whether hormone conditioning was required for their growth. Whereas all spontaneous tumors arising in males and many of those in females were autonomous on transplant, most of those arising in estrogenized rats continued to require hormones for growth after transplantation. The latter included carcinomas of the adrenal cortex, breast, pituitary ectopic tissue, ovary (thecomas), Leydig cells of testis, thymus, pancreas,salivary glands, oribital

Reoperations for primary hyperparathyroidism--improvement of outcome over two decades.

PURPOSE: Reoperations (R-PTX) for primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) are challenging, since they are associated with increased failure and morbidity rates. The aim was to evaluate the results of reoperations over two decades, the latter considering the implementation of Tc(99m)sestamibi-SPECT (Mibi/SPECT), intraoperative parathormone (IOPTH) measurement, and intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data of 1,363 patients who underwent surgery for pHPT were retrospectively analyzed regarding reoperations. Causes of persistent (p) pHPT or recurrent (r) pHPT, preoperative ima

Forced expression of platelet-derived growth factor B in the mouse cerebellar primordium changes cell migration during midline fusion and causes cerebellar ectopia.

The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and receptors are expressed in the developing central nervous system and in brain tumors. To investigate the role of PDGF during normal cerebellar development, we created transgenic mice where PDGF-B was introduced into the endogenous Engrailed1 locus (En1). These mice expressed PDGF-B in all types of cells that constitute the developing cerebellum, with localized high expression in the ventral midline of the cerebellar anlage. This affected cell migration in the midline during fusion of the cerebellar anlage and caused misplacement of midline structur

Rescue of ataxia and preplate splitting by ectopic expression of Reelin in reeler mice.

The gene mutated in reeler (reelin) encodes a protein secreted by neurons in the developing brain that controls laminar positioning of migrating cells in the CNS by an unknown mechanism. To investigate Reelin function, we used the nestin promoter to express Reelin ectopically in the ventricular zone and other brain regions in transgenic mice. In the presence of the endogenous protein, ectopic Reelin did not alter cell migration in the neocortex or the cerebellum. However, in the reeler background, ectopic Reelin induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab-1 in the ventricular zone and rescued some

Preoperative localizing studies for initial parathyroidectomy in MEN1 syndrome: is there any benefit?

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the utility of preoperative localizing studies in patients with MEN1 undergoing initial bilateral neck exploration (BNE) and parathyroidectomy for pHPT. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with MEN1 who underwent initial parathyroidectomy between December 1993 and December 2010. Results of preoperative localizing studies were compared with intraoperative findings and outcome. RESULTS: Sixty patients with MEN1 (32 females and 28 males) underwent initial subtotal parathyroidectomy. The median age at

Abnormal distributions of callosal commissural and corticothalamic neurons in the cerebral neocortex of Shaking Rat Kawasaki.

Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat recognized by unstable gait and tremor and by early death around the time of weaning. We previously reported that corticospinal tract neurons are malpositioned in the motor cortex of the SRK rat [Ikeda and Terashima (1997) J. Comp. Neurol. 383, 370-380]. In the present study, we examined the distribution pattern of callosal commissural (CC) and corticothalamic (CT) neurons of SRK and normal rats with the injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the contralateral hemisphere or wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated HRP into the ven

Feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors treatment and value of endoscopic ultrasonography in pre-operation assess and post-operation follow-up: a prospective study of 224 cases in a single medical center.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diagram, diagnosis, and treatment with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for upper gastrointestinal submucosal tumors (SMTs) remain controversial, although endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and ESD have been established in diagnosis and treatment of SMTs in decades, respectively. In this study, we have investigated prospectively the profile of upper gastrointestinal SMTs, assessed the effect and feasibility of ESD in upper gastrointestinal SMTs treatment, as well as value of EUS in pre-ESD diagnosis and post-ESD follow-up for gastrointestinal SMTs. METHODS: The upper

Ectopic Fat Depots and Coronary Artery Calcium in South Asians Compared With Other Racial/Ethnic Groups.

BACKGROUND: South Asians have a low body mass index and high prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) relative to other racial/ethnic groups. Radiographically detected ectopic fat distribution is better associated with CVD than body mass index. We assessed whether differences in ectopic fat depots explained differences in the prevalence/severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC), a predictor of incident CVD events, among South Asians compared with other racial/ethnic groups. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined the associations of radiographically detected visceral, intermuscular, intrahepatic,

GABAergic excitation after febrile seizures induces ectopic granule cells and adult epilepsy.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is accompanied by an abnormal location of granule cells in the dentate gyrus. Using a rat model of complex febrile seizures, which are thought to be a precipitating insult of TLE later in life, we report that aberrant migration of neonatal-generated granule cells results in granule cell ectopia that persists into adulthood. Febrile seizures induced an upregulation of GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)-Rs) in neonatally generated granule cells, and hyperactivation of excitatory GABA(A)-Rs caused a reversal in the direction of granule cell migration. This abnormal migration

Bone marrow-derived heparan sulfate potentiates the osteogenic activity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2).

Lowering the efficacious dose of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for the repair of critical-sized bone defects is highly desirable, as supra-physiological amounts of BMP-2 have an increased risk of side effects and a greater economic burden for the healthcare system. To address this need, we explored the use of heparan sulfate (HS), a structural analog of heparin, to enhance BMP-2 activity. We demonstrate that HS isolated from a bone marrow stromal cell line (HS-5) and heparin each enhances BMP-2-induced osteogenesis in C2C12 myoblasts through increased ALP activity and osteocalcin mRNA e

Germline and mosaic mutations of FLN1 in men with periventricular heterotopia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the phenotypic spectrum and genetics of periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) caused by FLN1 mutations in four men. BACKGROUND: X-linked PNH caused by FLN1 mutations (MIM #300049) implies prenatal or early postnatal lethality in boys and 50% recurrence risk in daughters of affected women. METHODS: Clinical examination, cognitive testing, MRI, and mutation analysis (denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and direct sequencing) on blood lymphocytes and single hair roots were performed for nine affected individuals, including three men. Neuropathologic stud

Rare Diseases of the Orbit.

This article provides an overview of rare orbital diseases. Congenital malformations, inflammatory diseases, benign and malignant neoplasias are described. Although it represents a relatively small area of the body the orbit contains multiple different tissues. Therefore, a great variety of diseases can be found within the orbital space. That is the reason, why both the completeness and the level of detail in the description of particular diseases must be somewhat limited. Nevertheless, clinical manifestations, important aspects of diagnosis, treatment strategies, and, when specific data are a

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The first category comprises hamartomas, choristomas, teratomas, and tissue ectopy and the large group of bone anomalies. Acquired alterations largely involve post-inflammatory and post-traumatic conditions. 4.1 Cysts and cystic lesions Cystic lesions may occur as isolated or multiple findings. … Nerve sheath cysts as a further entity are associated with other anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS). 4.3 Congenital tumors and tissue ectopy 4.3.1 Dermolipoma 28 Epidemiology about 2% of orbital tumors in children Etiology choristoma ectopic ectoderm disseminated as epidermal tissue …

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Integumentary System

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Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Unlike a choristoma, the components of a hamartoma are normal to the location. By definition, hamartomas are congenital lesions; however, they may not be detected until later in life, and the term is often used interchangeably with nevus. …

Резюме ЭСП 2013.

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