Результаты поиска

Mutation of the N-Terminal Region of Chikungunya Virus Capsid Protein: Implications for Vaccine Design.

Mosquito-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthritogenic alphavirus of the Togaviridae family responsible for frequent outbreaks of arthritic disease in humans. Capsid protein, a structural protein encoded by the CHIKV RNA genome, is able to translocate to the host cell nucleolus. In encephalitic alphaviruses, nuclear translocation induces host cell transcriptional shutoff; however, the role of capsid protein nucleolar localization in arthritogenic alphaviruses remains unclear. Using recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged expression constructs and CHIKV infectio…

Rubella and congenital rubella (German measles).

Rubella, also known as German measles, is usually a very mild infection that can have devastating effects in certain instances. It is a pleomorphic RNA virus in the Togaviridae family of the genus Rubivirus. It typically causes a scarletiniform rash, cervical lymphadenopathy, and mild constitutional symptoms, but in older children and adults, especially women, it may be more severe, with joint involvement and purpuric rash. Infection during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy results in congenital infection and/or miscarriage in 80-90% of cases. The congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) involves multi…

A study of viral and rickettsial exposure and causes of fever in Juba, southern Sudan.

Patients presenting at the Juba Teaching Hospital, either with fever of undetermined origin or with a clinical cause of fever, gave evidence of exposure to a wide range of viral and rickettsial agents. Serological tests showed high antibody levels to flaviviruses (56.9%) and alphaviruses (29.2%), with lesser levels of bunyamweraviruses (3.8%), Rift Valley fever (2.3%), and sandfly fever (0.75%). Flavivirus exposure was significantly associated with clinical evidence of liver disease; repeated exposure to flaviviruses was particularly prevalent in those with poor sanitation and who had received

[Effectors of in vivo delayed hypersensitivity in experimental flavivirus infections and vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis in mice].

The development of experimental infections caused by tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus, Langat virus and dengue virus type 2 in mice or the immunization of these animals with live yellow fever vaccine (prepared from strain 17D) and inactivated TBE vaccine were accompanied by the formation of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to viral antigens, determined in vivo. In experimental TBE infection the effectors of DH were identified as T-lymphocytes whose action was specific and followed the rule of H-2 restriction. The T-effectors of DH, induced by inactivated TBE vaccine, had no cytotoxic effect on

Viral exanthems.

In this monograph I have tried to present several aspects of viral exanthematous diseases that allow for diagnosis. With a systematic approach to the diagnosis, the physician frequently can make a specific diagnosis and nearly always can assign illness to the correct category. Accurate diagnosis is useful because it prevents unnecessary therapy and apprehension in some patients, allows definitive therapy in others, and, most important, it is fun and scientifically rewarding for the physician.

Louping ill virus envelope protein expressed by recombinant baculovirus and vaccinia virus fails to stimulate protective immunity.

We have constructed recombinant baculoviruses and vaccinia viruses containing cloned DNA, encoding either the envelope protein alone or all of the structural proteins (core, membrane and envelope) of louping ill virus. Glycosylated viral envelope protein, presented both inside and on the surface of insect and mammalian cells, was expressed by all four recombinant viruses. Differences in antigenic presentation of the envelope protein were observed between the envelope protein and structural protein constructs as well as between the insect and mammalian cell expression systems. Despite the expre

Chikungunya Virus Exposure Partially Cross-Protects against Mayaro Virus Infection in Mice.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) are closely related members of the Semliki Forest virus antigenic complex classified as belonging to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae. These viruses cause human disease, with sudden fever and joint inflammation that can persist for long periods. CHIKV is the causative agent of large outbreaks worldwide, and MAYV infection represents a growing public health concern in Latin America, causing sporadic cases and geographically limited outbreaks. Considering the relationship between CHIKV and MAYV, the present study aimed to evaluate i…

The NLRP3 inflammasome is involved with the pathogenesis of Mayaro virus.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an arbovirus that circulates in Latin America and is emerging as a potential threat to public health. Infected individuals develop Mayaro fever, a severe inflammatory disease characterized by high fever, rash, arthralgia, myalgia and headache. The disease is often associated with a prolonged arthralgia mediated by a chronic inflammation that can last months. Although the immune response against other arboviruses, such as chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), has been extensively studied, little is known about the pathogenesis of MAYV infec

Design, synthesis, antiviral evaluation, and In silico studies of acrylamides targeting nsP2 from Chikungunya virus.

The Togaviridae family comprises several New- and Old-World Alphaviruses that have been responsible for thousands of human illnesses, including the RNA arbovirus Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Firstly, it was reported in Tanzania in 1952 but rapidly it spread to several countries from Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Since then, CHIKV has been circulating in diverse countries around the world, leading to increased morbidity rates. Currently, there are no FDA-approved drugs or licensed vaccines to specifically treat CHIKV infections. Thus, there is a lack of alternatives to fight against this viral …

Development of an affordable multiplex quantitative RT-PCR assay for early detection and surveillance of Dengue, Chikungunya, and co-infections from clinical samples in resource-limited settings.

BACKGROUND: Dengue and Chikungunya are Aedes-borne diseases that are predominantly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting public health globally. Dengue is caused by multiple antigenically different Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV 4) in the Flaviviridae family and Chikungunya (CHIKV) in the Togaviridae family. The overlapping clinical presentation of both diseases, particularly in early infection, complicates timely and differential diagnosis. In India, diagnosis primarily relies on rapid antigen-based or ELISA-based tests, which are prone to false negatives, le…

Arboviruses pathogenic for domestic and wild animals.

The objective of this chapter is to provide an updated and concise systematic review on taxonomy, history, arthropod vectors, vertebrate hosts, animal disease, and geographic distribution of all arboviruses known to date to cause disease in homeotherm (endotherm) vertebrates, except those affecting exclusively man. Fifty arboviruses pathogenic for animals have been documented worldwide, belonging to seven families: Togaviridae (mosquito-borne Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan equine encephalilitis viruses; Sindbis, Middelburg, Getah, and Semliki Forest viruses), Flaviviridae (mosquito-borne yel…

Congenital infections with nonarbo togaviruses.

The present review deals with the similarities and differences of selected aspects of prenatal pestivirus infections of domestic animals and congenital rubella of man. Hog cholera virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and border disease virus are antigenically closely related, but unrelated to rubella virus. The nonarbo togaviruses are capable of producing congenital infections resulting in a wide spectrum of abnormalities. The infected foetus can die in utero, in the neonatal period, or it may be born with teratogenic defects. In addition, apparently healthy progeny can be delivered that develo

Dynamics of Vector-Host Interactions in Avian Communities in Four Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus Foci in the Northeastern U.S.

BACKGROUND: Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus (Togaviridae, Alphavirus) is a highly pathogenic mosquito-borne zoonosis that is responsible for occasional outbreaks of severe disease in humans and equines, resulting in high mortality and neurological impairment in most survivors. In the past, human disease outbreaks in the northeastern U.S. have occurred intermittently with no apparent pattern; however, during the last decade we have witnessed recurring annual emergence where EEE virus activity had been historically rare, and expansion into northern New England where the virus had been pr…

Liver Disease Associated with Non-Hepatitis Viruses

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Filoviridae | Central and South Africa Rift Valley fever | Bunyaviridae | Eastern and Central Africa Kongo-Krim Hemorrhagic fever | Bunyaviridae | Former Soviet union, Central and Western Asia Africa Hemorrhagic fever with renal failure | Bunyaviridae | Northern Europe and Asia Chikungunya fever | Togaviridae … Viruses of the Bunya- and Togaviridae families: Potential as bioterrorism agents and means of control Antiviral Research 57 2003 101 111 12615306 10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00203-6 Snover D.C. Horwitz C.A. …

Вирусы и "Мозг-отношение к беде".

Неврологические расстройства, некоторые из которых связаны с вирусными инфекциями, растут из-за старения и увеличения численности населения. Несмотря на крепкую защиту центральной нервной системы, некоторые вирусы эволюционировали, чтобы пробить их, что часто приводит к ужасным последствиям. В этом обзоре мы рассказываем о различных способах проникновения различных вирусов в ЦНС и о последствиях таких вторжений. Последствия могут проявляться в виде острых заболеваний, таких, как энцефалит, менингит, или приводить к долгосрочным последствиям, таким, как нервно - мышечная дисфункция, как это име

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Transcellular pathway with none or minimal barrier damage Flaviviridae : WNV, JEV, TBEV, ZIKV; Togaviridae : VEEV, WEEV; Retroviridae : HIV-1 2.1. Infection with general damage to barrier cells Flaviviridae , Paramyxoviridae : HeV, NiV 2.2. … Similarly, other arboviruses, such as Venezuelan and Western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV and WEEV, respectively) from the Togaviridae family, transcytose through brain microvascular endothelial cells without damaging the BBB, as shown by in vitro studies with BBB cultures [ 89 ]. …

Bortezomib inhibits chikungunya virus replication by interfering with viral protein synthesis.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that causes a febrile illness accompanied by myalgia and arthralgia. Despite having re-emerged as a significant public health threat, there are no approved therapeutics or prophylactics for CHIKV infection. In this study, we explored the anti-CHIKV effects of proteasome inhibitors and their potential mechanism of antiviral action. A panel of proteasome inhibitors with different functional groups reduced CHIKV infectious titers in a dose-dependent manner. Bortezomib, which has been FDA-approved for multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, was further

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… CHIKV belongs to the genus Alphavirus in the Togaviridae family [ 12 ]. CHIKV is part of the Old World alphaviruses, which also include the well-studied model viruses, Semliki Forest virus (SFV) and Sindbis virus (SINV) [ 13 ]. …

Chemokine receptors as important regulators of pathogenesis during arboviral encephalitis.

The central nervous system (CNS) is a highly complex network comprising long-lived neurons and glial cells. Accordingly, numerous mechanisms have evolved to tightly regulate the initiation of inflammatory responses within the brain. Under neuroinflammatory conditions, as in the case of viral encephalitides, the infiltration of leukocytes is often required for efficient viral clearance and recovery. The orchestration of leukocyte migration into the inflamed CNS is largely coordinated by a large family of chemotactic cytokines and their receptors. In this review, we will summarize our current un

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Many of these viruses are members of the Flavivirus ( Flaviviridae family) and Alphavirus ( Togaviridae family) genera. The main perpetrators of arboviral infections in humans include JEV, with 30,000–50,000 cases reported annually, WNV, and TBEV ( Campbell et al., 2011 ). …