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Cerebrovascular complications in cancer patients.

Coagulation disorders are common in cancer patients. In patients with solid tumors, a low-grade activated coagulation can result in systemic … d may be fatal. The bleeding usually occurs in the brain or subdural compartment, and rarely in the subarachnoid space. The diagnosis can be suspected by the clinical setting and by systemic thrombosis or hemorrhage. It can be established by examination of the peripheral smear, the platelet count, and tests of coagulation function. Therapy of acute DIC is controvers …

Prognostic Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detecting Diffuse Axonal Injuries: Analysis of Outcomes and Review of Literature.

BACKGROUND: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is the brain injury characterized by extensive lesions in the white matter tracts over a widespread area. DAI is one of the most common and devastating types of traumatic brain injury and a major cause of unconsciousness and persistent vegetative state after head trauma. It occurs in about half of all cases with severe head trauma. OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the prognostic significance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting DAI and to determine which clinical factors provide prognostic information in patients with traumat

Хужее спасти из-за поломки катетера во время внутрибэклофеновой терапии: отчет по делу.

Внутренняя баклафеновая терапия может существенно улучшить симптомы у пациентов с тяжелой спастией из-за травм спинного мозга, множественных склерозов, церебрального пареза или синдрома головного мозга. К числу проблем, связанных с внутренними катетерами, относятся миграция, рана, заклинание или разъединение. В ряде сообщений говорится о работе с фрагментами катетера. Насколько нам известно, это первый подробный отчет о включении нового катетера.КИСЛОТА: 64-летний японец с спинным миоклоном проходил внутритехекалическую баклофеновую терапию; его спасти была хорошо контролируема внутриклашной т

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… The new catheter was connected to the pump to allow the baclofen to reach the subarachnoid space (Fig.  4 ). Postoperatively, a new intrathecal catheter was introduced through the L2/3 intervertebral space to the original position at the T9 level (Fig.  5 ). … The segment was removed from the subarachnoid space, there were no perioperative complications, and the symptoms of neck pain, dizziness, and nausea resolved. …

Vertebroplasty and delayed subdural cauda equina hematoma: Review of literature and case report.

Vertebroplasy is considered an alternative and effective treatment of painful oncologic spine disease. Major complications are very rare, but with high morbidity and occur in less than 1% of patients who undergo vertebroplasty. Spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is an extremely rare complication, usual developing within 12 h to 24 h after the procedure. We report the case of a tardive SDH in an oncologic patient who underwent VP for Myxoid Liposarcoma metastasis. Trying to explain the pathogenesis, we support the hypothesis that both venous congestion of the vertebral venous plexus of the vertebra

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… Furthermore, the trajectory of the needle used to perform the vertebroplasty was detected at L1 and L3 levels and it suggested that the needle had passed through the dura into the subarachnoid space and then into the vertebral body (Figure 2 ). … space (but leakage was not enough), the development after spinal puncture of dura mater, as Cosar et al[ 10 ] proposed and the possibility that SDH may originate directly from the subarachnoid space, dissecting through the arachnoid membrane and eventually break into the spinal subdural space. …

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: A Review.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) occurs in 0.06% of gastric cancers. As such, trials are difficult to power and quantitative analyses difficult to standardize. We composed a review and analysis of 47 recent cases to be used as a comprehensive resource for an oncologist faced with managing this highly morbid, rapidly fatal disease. Gold-standard of diagnosis of LM is through cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology; MRI is the preferred imaging modality to identify LM. However, repeated lumbar punctures and imaging studies are often req

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… Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) has been reported to occur in 1 – 8% of all cancer patients [ 4 ] and in 5 – 15% of all stage IV cancers [ 5 ]; it is described as the involvement of the arachnoid mater, the pia mater, and the subarachnoid space (Fig. 1 ). … Cancer-promoting proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the extracellular matrix and endothelial tight junctions, enabling metastatic cells to seed into the subarachnoid space [ 27 ]. …

Treatment of medulloblastoma using an oncolytic measles virus encoding the thyroidal sodium iodide symporter shows enhanced efficacy with radioiodine.

BackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Although the clinical outcome for medulloblastoma patients has improved significantly, children afflicted with the disease frequently suffer from debilitating side effects related to the aggressive nature of currently available therapy. Alternative means for treating medulloblastoma are desperately needed. We have previously shown that oncolytic measles virus (MV) can selectively target and destroy medulloblastoma tumor cells in localized and disseminated models of the disease. MV-NIS, an oncolytic measles virus t

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… In addition, a sizable subset of medulloblastoma patients will effectively remain incurable, owing to medulloblastoma’s propensity to disseminate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces, including the ventricles, intracranial subarachnoid space, and spinal subarachnoid space [ 5 , 6 ]. … Tumor deposits could be found in the ventricles, cerebellum, brainstem, and cranial and spinal subarachnoid spaces of the OptiMEM control and 131 I-only mice (Figure 4 E). …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in 13 Neurologic Pot-Bellied Pigs.

This study reports the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 pot-bellied pigs presented to our institution with neurological deficits. Nine pigs had abnormal MRI findings (7 with spinal cord localization and 2 with brain localization), with three of them having histopathological confirmation of the diagnoses. MRI diagnoses included a myopathy suspected to be secondary to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, a round cell neoplasia involving the vertebral canal, myelomalacia, a cervical cyst like extradural lesion, pelvic fracture with secondary cauda equina involvement, two cases of fibrocar

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… Note the extensive attenuation of the subarachnoid space and epidural fat from the T3 to T13 vertebrae ( A–D ; arrows in “ D ”), intramedullary lesion at T10-11 vertebrae (box in “ A ”), faint patchy multifocal STIR hyperintensity of vertebral bodies and paraspinal soft tissues ( C ; *). … There is extensive diffuse intramedullary T2W and STIR hyperintensity compared to normal spinal cord parenchyma and spinal cord swelling associated with circumferential attenuation of the subarachnoid space throughout the entire length of the thoracolumbar vertebral column (A–C) . …

Иммунный код мозга: декодирование антигенной презентации на менингеальном-глимфатичном интерфейсе в неврологических расстройствах.

Классический взгляд на иммунную привилегию центральной нервной системы (СНС) эволюционировал от изоляции к регулируемому перекрестному разговору. Перенос церебральных цереброспинных флюидов и менингетических лимфатических сосудов (mLVs) переносят молекулы, полученные из головного мозга, на эмунизированные пограничные ткани и лимфатические узлы шейки матки, где антигенные клетки (APC) декодируют этот молекулярный дренаж в адаптивный иммунитет. Мы настраиваем эту последовательность как код мозга, в котором личность, время, маршрут и клеточный проводник экспортированных антигенов коллективно дикт

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… After brain-derived solutes reach CSF and the subarachnoid space, several partly overlapping exits become available. Arachnoid cuff exit (ACE) points around bridging veins create discontinuities through which CSF and molecules can pass between the subarachnoid space and dura ( 8 ). …

Cancer-associated stroke: Pathophysiology, detection and management (Review).

Numerous types of cancer have been shown to be associated with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of stroke in cancer patients is discussed, while providing vital information on the diagnosis and management of patients with cancer and stroke. Cancer may mediate stroke pathophysiology either directly or via coagulation disorders that establish a state of hypercoagulation, as well as via infections. Cancer treatment options, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have all been shown to aggravate the risk of stroke as well. The clin

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… These bleeding manifestations usually occur in the parenchyma or the subdural compartment, and rarely in the subarachnoid space ( 4 , 56 , 57 ). … Yeasts can cause stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, via a vasculopathy of the large vessels traversing the subarachnoid space, venous outflow obstruction, endarteritis and the formation of abscesses linked to hemorrhage. …

The Use of Imaging in Management of Patients with Low Back Pain.

Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common chief complaints encountered in primary care. Advanced imaging studies, including computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are frequently ordered in the setting of LBP. Structural abnormalities are commonly identified by CT and MRI in patients complaining of low back pain, however, these findings are also found in asymptomatic patients. In the past decade, multiple guidelines have been published to help providers identify patients in whom the use of advanced imaging is appropriate. In this article, we review common condi

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… MRI without gadolinium is considered the study of choice for diagnosis for diagnosis.[ 48 49 ] Intraspinal hematomas can occur in the epidural space (epidural hematomas [EDH]) [ Figure 9 ], subdural space (subdural hematomas [SDH]), subarachnoid space or within the spinal cord. …

Are the Post-COVID-19 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptoms Justified by the Effects of COVID-19 on Brain Structure? A Systematic Review.

COVID-19 affects brain function, as deduced by the "brain fog" that is often encountered in COVID-19 patients and some cognitive impairment that is observed in many a patient in the post-COVID-19 period. Approximately one-third of patients, even when they have recovered from the acute somatic disease, continue to show posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We hypothesized that the persistent changes induced by COVID-19 on brain structure would overlap with those associated with PTSD. We performed a thorough PubMed search on 25 April 2023 using the following strategy: ((posttraumatic OR

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… Other findings: olfactory bulb signal abnormalities (19%), prominent optic nerve subarachnoid spaces (56%), and parenchymal enhancement (15%), LME (15%), cranial nerves (10%), and spinal nerves (50%). …

Disorders of the Spinal Cord

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… It can extend to the dura mater and may communicate with the subarachnoid space. Causes and Pathophysiology Sinus formation results from a failure of separation of the neural tube from the ectoderm. … Communication with the subarachnoid space predisposes to meningomyelitis. Clinical Signs Signs depend on location, with most occurring in the cervical region. Clinical signs of meningitis and myelitis may be seen as a result of extension of infection. …

Miscellaneous Spinal Cord Diseases

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… Myelography consists of injection of a nonionic contrast medium (0.3 to 0.45 ml/kg of iohexol [240 mg/ml] or iopamidol [200 mg/ml]) into the subarachnoid space of the low lumbar spine (L6-L7 or L5-L6) or the cerebellomedullary cistern. … Diverticulum within the subarachnoid space results in accumulation of CSF and compression of the spinal cord, which causes neurological dysfunction. …

Новинка сывороточных биомаркеров с 7 кортикальными повреждениями Тесла МРТ, лептоминированием и глубоким объемом серого вещества в ранних множественных склерозах.

Повреждения серой материи, атрофии мозга и воспаления менингеев, гипотезы гипотезы имеют отношение к множественным склерозовым (MS) патогенезам, хотя их связь с иммунными изменениями в ранних склерозах не является достаточной. Цель этого исследования состоит в изучении корреляции между концентрацией 112 белков сыворотки и 7 показателями серьезности заболеваний у пациентов с ранним синдромом MS, определяемыми МРТ Тесла. В этот анализ были включены пациенты из СНГ или MS, имеющие МРТ мозга 7 Tesla и образцы крови в течение пяти лет с момента диагностирования MS (n = 57). Корреляционный анализ бы

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… Alternatively, inflammation of the gray matter may lead to migration of proinflammatory cells into the ventricles/subarachnoid space through the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) 18 . … Given this association, one plausible hypothesis would be that PLXNB3 may play a role immune cell migration into the subarachnoid space and leptomeninges in MS. nCDase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes ceramide into sphingosine 45 . …

Ход работы 34th Симпозиум ESVN-ECVN 23rd-24th сентябрь 2022.

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… All animals underwent single or bilateral craniotomy to evacuate the accumulated cerebrospinal fluid and hemorrhage from the subarachnoid space. Four animals received additional suboccipital craniectomy. … space (SS). …

Характеристики выражения TSPO в мармосете EAE.

Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой вызывающее демиелионирование заболевание центральной нервной системы (СНС) и является главной нетравматической причиной инвалидности среди молодых людей. 18 kDa Translocator Protein (TSPO) — митохондрийный белок и позитронная позитронная томография (PET), широко выраженная в повреждениях мозга MS. Она используется в качестве подстрекательского биомаркера и была предложена в качестве терапевтической цели. Однако его специфическое патологическое значение для человека не вполне понятно. Экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) в обычном мар

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… TSPO is observed to co-localize with lectin in the leptomeninges external to the subarachnoid space and vascular endothelium in the subarachnoid space but not the GFAP + and S100 + cells of the glia limitans. …

INFLUENCE OF HOST FACTORS ON NEUROINVASIVENESS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS : III. EFFECT OF AGE AND PATHWAY OF INFECTION ON THE CHARACTER AND LOCALIZATION OF LESIONS IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

It will be well to restate the main problem at this point and to examine how far the accumulated data can help to elucidate it. The problem … body, where lesions were also demonstrated. Virus spreading in the optic nerve along the perineural subarachnoid space would be found at the base of the brain at the optic chiasm; virus extending along the interstitial spaces in the optic nerve should involve not only the nuclei of both sides of the optic pathway but also non-optic structures, such as the medial gen …

Characteristics and Outcomes of Intracranial Hemorrhage in Cancer Patients Visiting the Emergency Department.

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a dreaded complication of both cancer and its treatment. To evaluate the characteristics and clinical outcomes of cancer patients with ICH, we identified all patients with ICH who visited The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center emergency department between 1 September 2006 and 16 February 2016. Clinical and radiologic data were collected and compared. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between clinical variables and various outcomes. During the period studied, 704 confirmed acute ICH cases were identified. In-hospital,

PROCEEDINGS 32nd Symposium ESVN-ECVN WROCLAW, POLAND 12th-14th September 2019. Selected research communications of the 32nd Symposium of the ESVN-ECVN Wroclaw, Poland 12th to 14th September 2019.

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… MRI revealed focal myelopathies in all cases which all show one or more of the following lesions: caudal articular facet dysplasia (24/26), irregular focal subarachnoid space (21/26) with circumferential or dorsal contrast enhancement (9/11), bilateral ventrolateral extradural lesion (22/26). … Mean peak flow velocity in cm/s at the mesencephalic aqueduct was 0.92 (range 0.51‐2.01), at the foramen magnum 1.84 (range 0.89‐2.73) (ventral subarachnoid space) and 1.17 (dorsal subarachnoid space; range 0.75‐1.8). …

Concurrent intrathecal and intravenous nivolumab in leptomeningeal disease: phase 1 trial interim results.

There is a critical need for effective treatments for leptomeningeal disease (LMD). Here, we report the interim analysis results of an ongoing single-arm, first-in-human phase 1/1b study of concurrent intrathecal (IT) and intravenous (IV) nivolumab in patients with melanoma and LMD. The primary endpoints are determination of safety and the recommended IT nivolumab dose. The secondary endpoint is overall survival (OS). Patients are treated with IT nivolumab alone in cycle 1 and IV nivolumab is included in subsequent cycles. We treated 25 patients with metastatic melanoma using 5, 10, 20 and 50

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… Analysis showed methylene blue dye in the subarachnoid space and spinal canal post injection, confirming that the dye successfully circulated through the CSF space (Extended Data Fig. 1 ). … To ensure the viability of this technique and confirm the distribution of injected material to the subarachnoid space/leptomeninges, we injected 10 μl of Evans (methylene) blue dye intrathecally into C57BL/6 mice. Following IT injection, mice were killed. …