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Birthweight data completeness and quality in population-based surveys: EN-INDEPTH study.

BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (< 2500 g) is an important marker of maternal health and is associated with neonatal mortality, long-term develo … nd Demographic Surveillance System sites (Matlab-Bangladesh, Dabat-Ethiopia, Kintampo-Ghana, Bandim-Guinea-Bissau, IgangaMayuge-Uganda). Responses to existing DHS/MICS birthweight questions on 14,411 livebirths were analysed and estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) associated with reporting weighing, birthweight and heaping reported. Twenty-eight focus group d …

Effect of vitamin A supplementation with BCG vaccine at birth on vitamin A status at 6 wk and 4 mo of age.

BACKGROUND: The effect of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) at birth on subsequent vitamin A status has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the effect of 50,000 IU vitamin A administered with BCG vaccine at birth on vitamin A status in both sexes. DESIGN: Within a randomized placebo-controlled trial of VAS, we obtained blood from 614 children at 6 wk of age and from 369 mother-infant pairs at 4 mo of age. We assessed vitamin A status on the basis of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and measured serum C-reactive protein to monitor for concurrent infections. RESULTS: RBP

Multiple micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy in low-income countries: a meta-analysis of effects on birth size and length of gestation.

BACKGROUND: Multiple micronutrient deficiencies are common among women in low-income countries and may adversely affect pregnancy outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis reports the effects on newborn size and duration of gestation of multiple micronutrient supplementation mainly compared with iron plus folic acid during pregnancy in recent randomized, controlled trials. METHODS: Original data from 12 randomized, controlled trials in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, China, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Mexico, Nepal, Niger, Pakistan, and Zimbabwe, all providing approximately 1 recommended dietary allow…

Compartment models for vaccine effectiveness and non-specific effects for Tuberculosis.

In this paper, we attempt to set a framework of conditions for model-specific predictions of newly arising TB epidemics by e.g. immigration of infected persons from high prevalence countries. In addition, we address the aspect of trained immunity in our model. Using a mathematical approach of a system of ordinary differential equations which can be developed over several time-points we obtained varying infection or attack rates that led to different effects of the vaccination, depending on the setting of certain parameters and starting values in the compartments of a SEIR-model. We finally obt

High-Dose Chloroquine for Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Well Tolerated and Causes Similar QT Interval Prolongation as Standard-Dose Chloroquine in Children.

Higher chloroquine doses can effectively treat up to 93 to 96% of malaria infections caused by Plasmodium falciparum carrying the resistance-conferring chloroquine resistance transporter (pfcrt) 76T allele. The tolerability of 50 (double the standard dose) and 70 mg/kg total chloroquine doses were assessed in this study. Fifteen 4- to 8-year-old children with uncomplicated malaria were given 10 mg/kg of chloroquine twice daily for 2 days and 5 mg/kg twice daily on the third day. Fifteen additional children were given 5 mg/kg twice daily for 2 more days. Chloroquine concentrations, blood pressu

Early diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccination associated with higher female mortality and no difference in male mortality in a cohort of low birthweight children: an observational study within a randomised trial.

BACKGROUND: Studies from low-income countries have suggested that diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine provided after Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination may have a negative effect on female survival. The authors examined the effect of DTP in a cohort of low birthweight (LBW) infants. METHODS: 2320 LBW newborns were visited at 2, 6 and 12 months of age to assess nutritional and vaccination status. The authors examined survival until the 6-month visit for children who were DTP vaccinated and DTP unvaccinated at the 2-month visit. RESULTS: Two-thirds of the children had received DT

Age-specific changes in the female-male mortality ratio related to the pattern of vaccinations: an observational study from rural Gambia.

BACKGROUND: According to studies from Guinea-Bissau and Senegal, live vaccines may reduce the female-male mortality ratio (MR) whereas inactivated vaccines increase this ratio. We used data from The Gambia to examine whether similar tendencies could be found in a different setting. SETTING: Forty villages in the Farafenni area in rural Gambia. SUBJECTS: A population of 17,000 was followed with demographic surveillance between 1998 and 2002; 537 children less than 5 years of age died in this period. METHODS: We used two vaccination surveys and community mortality data to examine, first, the …

[Molecular epidemiology of large bacterial endemics in Sub-Saharan Africa].

Over the past decades, the differentiation of bacterial strains for epidemiological purposes had been based on conventional phenotypic chara … nental spread of a clone of V. Cholerae isolated in 1993 in Calcutta and identified a year later in Guinea-Bissau. Tuberculosis is at present the first opportunistic infection linked to HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Tuberculosis incidence is particularly high and is expected to increase. Several molecular methods, including IS 6110 RFLP analysis, AP-PCR …

Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with parasitemia in children with acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection.

Serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) are significantly elevated and of prognostic value in patients suffering from serious infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis. Our objective was to investigate suPAR levels during symptomatic malaria infection and 7 days after treatment. Children younger than 6 years who presented with fever or other symptoms compatible with malaria were enrolled. Blood films and samples were collected on day 0 and day 7. Twenty-five children were allocated to each of three groups according to the amount of Plasmodium falciparum

SNP may modify the effect of vitamin A supplementation at birth on cytokine production in a whole blood culture assay.

Within a neonatal vitamin A supplementation (VAS) trial, we investigated the effect of VAS on TNF-α, IL-10, IL-5 and IL-13 production after lipopolysaccharide, purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and phytohaemagglutinin stimulation using a whole blood culture protocol. We found that VAS recipients had lower unstimulated TNF-α concentrations than placebo recipients. In the present paper, we investigated whether the SNP TNF-α - 308, TNF-α - 238, IL-10 - 592, IL-10 - 1082 and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)+896 modified the effect of VAS on cytokine production. DNA and cyt

Воздействие питательных микроэлементов на результаты беременности в развивающихся странах: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: В развивающихся странах по-прежнему относительно высоки показатели низкой беременности. Недостаток питательных микроэлементов относится к числу факторов, которые играют определенную роль в определении негативных последствий беременности. Цель настоящего исследования заключается в изучении роли дефицита питательных микроэлементов в неудовлетворительных результатах беременности и их связи с здоровьем новорожденных.МЕТОД: Для этого обзора был проведен систематический поиск с использованием программы &quot; Харзинг периш &quot; и публикация программного обеспечения, а также

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… Single studies were additionally conducted in Kenya ( n = 1), Benin ( n = 1), South Africa ( n = 1), Indonesia ( n = 1), and Guinea-Bissau ( n = 1). … Effects of prenatal multimicronutrient supplements on birth weight and perinatal mortality: A randomised, controlled trial in Guinea-Bissau. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005;59(9):1081–9. 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602215. 16015266 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602215 38. …

Глобальное, региональное и национальное бремя связанных с табаком неврологических расстройств 1990 в адрес 2021Тенденции и прогнозы на будущее.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Потребление табака является одной из основных проблем здравоохранения во всем мире, отрицательно сказывающейся на качестве жизни. Цель нашего исследования состоит в том, чтобы проанализировать тенденции изменения бремени связанных с табаком неврологических расстройств на глобальном, региональном и национальном уровнях. 1990 в адрес 2021, а также потенциальные будущие тенденции. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели вторичный анализ наборов данных для оценки смертности и лет жизни с поправкой на инвалидность (DALYs) с использованием данных, полученных в рамках исследования глобального бремени болезней,

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… In 1990, Denmark, Ireland, and the United States had the highest disease burden, while Haiti, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Guinea-Bissau had the lowest. … However, by 2021, the burden shifted, with Lebanon, Denmark, and Albania showing the highest ASDR, and São Tomé and Príncipe, Guinea-Bissau, and Saint Kitts and Nevis the lowest. In ADOD and MS, there was a significant imbalance in the distribution of disease burden ( Figures 2 and 3 ). …

Serum procalcitonin in pulmonary tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level and prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) in a West African out-patient cohort with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHOD: Patients were clinically scored (TB score), grouped into severity classes (SCs) upon diagnosis and followed for 12 months. Patients were categorised by comparisons of severity class (SC I+II or SC III) and levels of PCT and C-reactive protein (CRP) at diagnosis. Fifty healthy volunteers from the study area were used as controls. The association with TB score was explored using Spearman's rank correlation test. Survival curves stratified a

Demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions: are they relevant to population health patterns in Africa?

BackgroundStudies of trends in population changes and epidemiological profiles in the developing world have overwhelmingly relied upon the concepts of demographic, epidemiological, and health transitions, even though their usefulness in describing and understanding population and health trends in developing countries has been repeatedly called into question. The issue is particularly relevant for the study of population health patterns in Africa and sub-Saharan Africa, as the history and experience there differs substantially from that of Western Europe and North America, for which these conce

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… 48.71 | 0.52 | −0.16 Gambia | 43.6; 51.6 | 10.5; 32.7 | 10.9; 33.2 | 5.3; 6.3 | 1985 | 30.25 | 57.45 | 0.53 | 0.24 Ghana | 33.1; 47.3 | 9.6; 21.1 | 23.6; 30.6 | 4.2; 7.0 | 1970 | 42.17 | 60.02 | 0.33 | 0.19 Guinea | 39.2; 47.4 | 12.7; 33.2 | 13.9; 29.4 | 5.4; 6.6 | 1990 | 33.08 | 54.47 | 0.37 | 0.26 Guinea-Bissau …

Donor Evaluation for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Collection

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… Maldives Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau … Maldives Pakistan Philippines Singapore Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Vietnam | Angola Benin Burkina-Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Congo (Congo-Brazzaville) Côte d’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) Equatorial Guinea Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea | Guinea-Bissau …

Combining vitamin A and vaccines: convenience or conflict?

The present thesis is based on 11 papers from 1995-2010. The studies have mainly taken place at the Bandim Health Project in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, but a reanalysis of a randomised trial from Ghana is also included. My research has explored the consequences of combining high-dose vitamin A supplementation and childhood vaccines. Vitamin A deficiency is associated with increased mortality. To protect against the consequences of vitamin A deficiency the World Health Organization recommends that high-dose vitamin A supplements be given together with routine vaccines to children between 6 mon…

Primary causes of hospital admission in HTLV-1 infected patients: infectious complications, predictors of mortality and long-term survival outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a globally prevalent retrovirus associated with adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). Despite substantial research, the high mortality risk among HTLV-1 carriers remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify primary causes of hospital admission, predictors of mortality, and long-term survival outcomes in HTLV-1-infected patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in two referral hospitals in Mashhad, Iran, from 2011 to 2

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… Higher mortality in HIV-2/HTLV-1 co-infected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, compared to HIV-2-positive HTLV-1-negative patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:e142–7. 26. Mardi S, Rashidian M, Bastan F, et al. …