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Ageing, Cellular Senescence and Neurodegenerative Disease.

Ageing is a major risk factor for developing many neurodegenerative diseases. Cellular senescence is a homeostatic biological process that has a key role in driving ageing. There is evidence that senescent cells accumulate in the nervous system with ageing and neurodegenerative disease and may predispose a person to the appearance of a neurodegenerative condition or may aggravate its course. Research into senescence has long been hindered by its variable and cell-type specific features and the lack of a universal marker to unequivocally detect senescent cells. Recent advances in senescence mar

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… Although senescence has not been studied in the cellular components of the choroid plexus, it is known to undergo several age and disease-related structural and functional alterations [ 131 , 132 ]. The choroid plexus produces CSF and forms an interface between blood and CSF. … Human cerebrospinal fluid central memory CD4+ T cells: Evidence for trafficking through choroid plexus and meninges via P-selectin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2003;100:8389–8394. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1433000100. 134. Praetorius J., Damkier H.H. Transport across the choroid plexus epithelium. Am. J. …

Optimal Treatment of Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Updated Canadian Review and Recommendations.

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders that remains the second most common retinal vascular disease and can be associated with vision loss. RVO confers a substantial burden of illness that affects patients, caregivers, medical systems, and physicians. Complications of RVO - including cystoid macular edema, macular ischemia, and neovascularization sequelae - may result in severe visual morbidity and blindness. Canadian expert consensus recommendations on the optimal treatment of patients with RVO were published in 2015. Since that time, advances in diagnosis

Использование эластографии шейных волн для оценки окулярного участия в системном склерозе

Справочная информация: Ряд исследований, проведенных с целью получения изображений, подтвердили окулярное участие в системном склерозе (SSc). Однако эталограмма пока не используется для этой цели в литературе. Таким образом, данное исследование было направлено на оценку окулярного участия в SSc с использованием эластографии волн шеи (SWE). Методы: Это исследование включало в себя 29 SSc пациенты и 30 :: контроль за состоянием здоровья в зависимости от возраста и пола. Все участники прошли независимую офтальмологическую оценку two Офтальмологи. Впоследствии SWE использовалась для оценки сетчатк

Ocular effects caused by viral infections and corresponding vaccines: An overview of varicella zoster virus, measles virus, influenza viruses, hepatitis B virus, and SARS-CoV-2.

Many viral infections can affect vision and the visual system. Vaccination to prevent diseases is commonplace today, acting by stimulating an immune response without developing the pathology. It involves the production of persisting antibodies against the pathogen and the activation of T cells. Certain diseases have already been eradicated by rigorous vaccination campaigns, while others are hoped to be eliminated soon. Vaccines currently available on the market are largely safe, even if they can rarely cause some adverse effects, such as ocular complications. Analyzing existing literature, we

Анализ макулярной и оптической нервно-паралитической васкулатуры с использованием оптической топографической ангиографии у пациентов с лимфотропическим вирусом типа 1.

ЦЕЛЬ: Сопоставление микроваскулатуры на голове макулярного и оптического нерва (НН) с использованием оптической топографической ангиографии (OCT-A) в асимптоматических вирусах человека Т-клеток типа 1 (HTLV-1) и пациентов с микроваскулатурой HTLV-1, связанной с миэлопатией/тропическим спастичным парапаресом (HAM/TSP), в поисках потенциальных биомаркеров развития заболеваний. МЕТОДЫ: Экспериментальное исследование по анализу количественных параметров OCT-A васкулатуры макулы и ОНГ у асимптоматических носителей HTLV-1 (группа 1) и пациентов с HAM/TSP (группа 2). Результаты: Включено до 41 глаза

Aggressive Central Nervous System Relapse after Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Multiple Myeloma: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Extramedullary disease is an aggressive presentation at diagnosis and relapse for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Central nervous system (CNS) is a very rare manifestation of the extramedullary disease, accounting for less than 1% of MM on diagnosis and relapse. Neurological symptoms are unspecific and usually attributed to other causes. We present two patients with CNS-MM at relapse after autologous stem cell transplant highlighting the importance of clinical suspicion and interdisciplinarity at diagnostic workup as well as the need for intensive therapeutic options on such rare and aggressiv

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… A cerebral scan was performed showing spontaneous hypodense areas with intense cortical contrast enhancement in the bilateral insula, anterior temporal predominance of the left sulci, engorgement of the left choroid plexus, right cerebellar tentorium, right prepontine cistern and pituitary gland, supratentorial … Figure 2 (a) Spontaneous hypodense areas with intense cortical contrast enhancement in bilateral insulae, anterotemporal predominance of the left grooves, engorgement of the left choroid plexus, right cerebellar tent, the right side of the prepontine cistern and pituitary gland, supratentorial ventricular …

Neurology

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… B, Cytoplasmic pallor of choroid plexus epithelium due to accumulation of storage material. (Reprinted with permission from DeLahunta A: Degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. In Summers BA, Cummings JF, DeLahunta A, editors: Veterinary neuropathology, St Louis, 1995, Mosby.) … Postmortem examination of the brain often reveals gross lesions, including meningeal opacity around the medulla and choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and coating of the choroid plexuses with a white tenacious exudate. 32 Ependymal cells may be coated by fibrin and may lead to hydrocephalus rostral …

Deciphering transcriptomic changes in chemobrain: a comprehensive review.

Chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairments (CICI), colloquially known as "chemobrain," represents a profound and debilitating side effect experienced by a significant number of cancer survivors, impacting their memory, multitasking, and quality of life. This review critically evaluates the molecular mechanisms underlying CICI, with a particular focus on the insights gained from transcriptomic analyses. As cancer incidence rises globally, understanding the complex interplay between chemotherapy agents and their cognitive repercussions becomes increasingly vital. Key mechanisms implicated in CIC

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… These studies often utilize multiple brain regions, including the hippocampus, cortex, choroid plexus, and whole brain, which encompass both neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. … Their key findings highlighted broad metabolic damage to the choroid plexus (ChP)-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) system, including decreased secretion of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 ( Sod3 ) into the CSF. …

Retinal Vein Occlusion-Background Knowledge and Foreground Knowledge Prospects-A Review.

Thrombosis of retinal veins is one of the most common retinal vascular diseases that may lead to vascular blindness. The latest epidemiological data leave no illusions that the burden on the healthcare system, as impacted by patients with this diagnosis, will increase worldwide. This obliges scientists to search for new therapeutic and diagnostic options. In the 21st century, there has been tremendous progress in retinal imaging techniques, which has facilitated a better understanding of the mechanisms related to the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and its complications, and conseq

Brazilian consensus for diagnosis, management and treatment of hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy: second edition.

Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is an autosomal dominant inherited sensorimotor and autonomic polyneuropathy with over 130 pathogenic variants identified in the TTR gene. Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with peripheral neuropathy is a disabling, progressive and life-threatening genetic condition that leads to death in ∼ 10 years if untreated. The prospects for ATTRv-PN have changed in the last decades, as it has become a treatable neuropathy. In addition to liver transplantation, initiated in 1990, there are now at least 3 drugs approved in many

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… plexus, and retina pigmented epithelium. … These amyloid fibrils are formed mostly by TTR produced in the choroid plexus and are resistant to available ATTRv disease-modifying therapies. 67 Patients with ATTRv with non-Val30Met mutations can also present with a rare phenotype of oculoleptomeningeal amyloidosis. …

Продольный анализ сетчатки и хориокастина у пациентов с множественным склерозом: a 3-year Учёба.

ЦЕЛИ: В рамках этого исследования изучалось продольное развитие структуры сетчатки и микроваскулатуры по сравнению с ней. 3 - годы у пациентов с множественным склерозом (RRMS) с релапсирующим излучением с использованием оптической томографии (OCT) и ангиографии OCT (OCTA). Она также изучила корреляцию между этими изменениями и оценками Расширенной шкалы взносов для инвалидов. МЕТОДЫ: В этом перспективном, продольном исследовании мы зачислялись 66 пациентов с RRMS, не имеющих зрительного неврита и 124 здоровый контроль. Все участники прошли полный офтальмологический осмотр, сканирование OCT/OCT

Prognostic Value of CXCL13, CCL11, and CCL20 Chemokines in Multiple Sclerosis.

Objective: The course of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) is highly variable and there is a lack of effective prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to assess the potential prognostic value of the chemokines B lymphocyte chemoattractant molecule (CXCL13), eotaxin-1 (CCL11), and macrophage inflammatory protein 3-alpha (CCL20) in RRMS. Methods: Forty-two patients with MS were enrolled, along with 22 controls, 12 of the controls were idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients, and 10 of the controls were other neurologic diseases (OND). Chemokine levels were measured using

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… To facilitate the early entry of Th17 cells across the BBB, CCL20, a ligand for CCR6, is produced by choroid plexus epithelial cells. As a consequence, disease onset may occur. …

Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) Reveals the Functions of Syndecan-1 to Regulate Immune Infiltration by Influenced T Cells in Glioma.

Our previous studies shown that syndecan-1 (SDC1) may be a novel class of biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of glioma, but its specific roles and the in-depth molecular mechanism remain elusive. Here, we used Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms and single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms to evaluate the immune score of tumor samples and quantify the relative infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), respectively, in different data sets obtained from the Chinese Glio

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… Zhang et al. found that syndecan-1 negatively regulates initial recruitment of leukocyte into the brain across the choroid plexus in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice ( Zhang et al., 2013 ). … Syndecan-1, a Cell Surface Proteoglycan, Negatively Regulates Initial Leukocyte Recruitment to the Brain across the Choroid Plexus in Murine Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. …

PROCEEDINGS 32nd Symposium ESVN-ECVN WROCLAW, POLAND 12th-14th September 2019. Selected research communications of the 32nd Symposium of the ESVN-ECVN Wroclaw, Poland 12th to 14th September 2019.

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Brain intratumoural astatine-211 radiotherapy targeting syndecan-1 leads to durable glioblastoma remission and immune memory in female mice.

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GB), the most aggressive brain cancer, remains a critical clinical challenge due to its resistance to conventional treatments. Here, we introduce a locoregional targeted-α-therapy (TAT) with the rat monoclonal antibody 9E7.4 targeting murine syndecan-1 (SDC1) coupled to the α-emitter radionuclide astatine-211 (211At-9E7.4).MethodsWe orthotopically transplanted 50,000 GL261 cells of murine GB into the right striatum of syngeneic female C57BL/6JRj mice using stereotaxis. After MRI validation of tumour presence at day 11, TAT was injected at the same coordinates. Biodistri

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… ChP: choroid plexus. Scale bar = 100 μm. (b) T2-weighted MRI of a control mouse brain from the survival study displaying a secondary tumour indicated by a white arrow. … ChP: choroid plexus. Scale bar = 100 μm. (b) T2-weighted MRI of a control mouse brain from the survival study displaying a secondary tumour indicated by a white arrow. …

Методологии изучения мозговых органоидов для изучения механизмов заболевания в прогрессивном множественном склерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — изнуряющее аутоиммунное расстройство, направленное против центральной нервной системы (CNS), отмечен непрерывным обезвоживанием и воспалением. В клинической форме она представляет в трех различных формах: повторные выбросы MS (RRMS), первичные прогрессивные MS (PPMS) и вторичные прогрессивные MS (SPMS). Несмотря на то, что лечение с целью изменения болезней (ДМР) оказывает определенное содействие людям, страдающим СВЗ, варианты лечения прогрессивных СЗМ (ПМС) по-прежнему являются крайне неадекватными. Этот пробел свидетельствует о настоятельной необходимости примен

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… Although immune cell infiltration through the disrupted BBB is reduced in pMS, other structures, such as the choroid plexus (ChP), may continue to contribute to peripheral immune cell infiltration and neuroinflammation at this disease stage ( Lassmann et al., 2012 ). … Methods to extract and analyze fluid from human pluripotent stem cell-derived choroid plexus organoids. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 16:1243499. doi: 10.3389/FNMOL.2023.1243499/BIBTEX Choi S. R., Howell O. W., Carassiti D., Magliozzi R., Gveric D., Muraro P. A., et al. (2012). …

Cytokines in CAR T Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells provide new therapeutic options for patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. However, neurotoxicity is a frequent, and potentially fatal, complication. The spectrum of manifestations ranges from delirium and language dysfunction to seizures, coma, and fatal cerebral edema. This novel syndrome has been designated immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). In this review, we draw an arc from our current understanding of how systemic and potentially local cytokine release act on the CNS, toward possible preventive and

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… In mice, IFNγ is required for trafficking of T cells and monocytes into the CSF via the choroid plexus ( 81 ). … Cells or molecules may traverse the choroid plexus barrier or meningeal vessels to enter the CSF, while still being unable to gain access via the microvascular BBB to enter the brain or spinal cord parenchyma ( 161 ). …

Identification of germline cancer predisposition variants in pediatric sarcoma patients from somatic tumor testing.

Genetic predisposition is an important risk factor for cancer in children and adolescents but detailed associations of individual genetic mutations to childhood cancer are still under intense investigation. Among pediatric cancers, sarcomas can arise in the setting of cancer predisposition syndromes. The association of sarcomas with these syndromes is often missed, due to the rarity and heterogeneity of sarcomas and the limited search of cancer genetic syndromes. This study included 43 pediatric and young adult patients with different sarcoma subtypes. Tumor profiling was undertaken using the

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… For some patients, the prevalence of mutations may be higher, as it has been observed in children with choroid plexus carcinoma of which 50% have germline mutations in TP53 6 , 7 or malignant rhabdoid tumors, of which 25–35% have mutations in SMARCB1 8 , 9 . … TP53 alterations determine clinical subgroups and survival of patients with choroid plexus tumors. JCO. 2010;28:1995–2001. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2009.26.8169. 7. The European Reference Network GENTURIS et al. Guidelines for the Li–Fraumeni and heritable TP53-related cancer syndromes. Eur. J. Hum. …

Ход работы 34th Симпозиум ESVN-ECVN 23rd-24th сентябрь 2022.

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Integration of circadian rhythms and immunotherapy for enhanced precision in brain cancer treatment.

Circadian rhythms significantly impact (patho)physiological processes, with disruptions linked to neurodegenerative diseases and heightened cancer vulnerability. While immunotherapy has shown promise in treating various cancers, its efficacy in brain malignancies remains limited. This review explores the nexus of circadian rhythms and immunotherapy in brain cancer treatment, emphasising precision through alignment with the body's internal clock. We evaluate circadian regulation of immune responses, including cell localisation and functional phenotype, and discuss how circadian dysregulation af

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… BMAL1 and CLOCK activity attracts immunosuppressive microglia, contributing to this environment. 48 Additionally, the expression of PER2 suppresses processes like proliferation in glioma and choroid plexus tumours. 24 , 44 , 63 Several efforts have been made to target these clock components in glioma … DNA methylation signature is prognostic of choroid plexus tumor aggressiveness Clin Epigenetics 11 2019 117 31409384 10.1186/s13148-019-0708-z PMC6692938 64 Lin M.R. Chen P.Y. Wang H.C. Lin P.C. Lee H.C. Chiu H.Y. …