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Характеристика пептидного домена в гликпротеине (Е2), препятствующей воспроизведению ВИЧ.

ГБ-вирусная инфекция C (GBV-C) связана с продолжительным выживанием в ВИЧ-инфицированных группах, а белки GBV-C E2 препятствуют вводу ВИЧ в клетки CD4+T. Для того чтобы дополнительно охарактеризовать воздействие E2 на репродукцию ВИЧ, стабилизированные трансплантированные клеточные линии Jurkat, выражающие GBV-C E2, или контрольные последовательности, были заражены ВИЧ, и были измерены репликации. Репликация ВИЧ (все 6 изученных изолированных) была затруднена во всех клеточных линиях, выражающих область из 17 аминокислот ГБВ-С Е2, но не в клеточных линиях, выражающих Е2 без этого региона. В от

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is associated with prolonged survival in HIV-infected cohorts, and GBV-C E2 protein inhibits HIV entry when added to CD4+ T cells. To further characterize E2 effects on HIV replication, stably transfected Jurkat cell lines expressing GBV-C E2 or control sequences were infected with HIV and replication was measured. HIV replicatio…

GB virus type C E2 protein inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag assembly by downregulating human ADP-ribosylation factor 1.

Chromosomal co-existence of metal and antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria offers a new perspective to the bacterial resistance proliferation in contaminated environment. In this study, an arsenotrophic bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans BHW-15, isolated from Arsenic (As) contaminated tubewell water in the Bogra district of Bangladesh, was analyzed using high throughput Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) complete genome sequencing scheme to reveal its adaptive potentiality. The assembled draft genome of A. xylosoxidans BHW-15 was 6.3 Mbp containing 5,782 functional genes, 1,845 pse

Prevalence, implication, and viral nucleotide sequence analysis of GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus infection in acute fulminant and nonfulminant hepatitis.

The clinical impact of GB virus-C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection on various causes of acute hepatitis and fulminant hepatitis is controversial. In this study, serum samples from 164 patients with acute hepatitis of various causes, 34 asymptomatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, and 34 healthy adults were tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the 5'-untranslated region. Nucleotide sequences of GBV-C/HGV RNA from various groups were compared. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV RNA was significantly higher in patients with

High prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among homosexual men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1: evidence for sexual transmission.

GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV), a recently discovered orphan flavivirus, is distantly related to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Although both GBV-C/HGV and HCV can be transmitted by the parenteral route, their principal modes of transmission and associated risk behaviors may differ. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the 5'-noncoding regions of GBV-C/HGV and HCV were amplified from plasma or sera of 209 individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). As verified by Southern blot analysis, GBV-C/HGV and HCV infection were detected in 37 (17.7%) and…

Этиология спорадического острого вирусного гепатита на Тайване: роль вируса гепатита С, вируса гепатита Е и вируса GB-C/гепатита G в эндемическом районе гепатита А и В.

Этиология спорадического острого гепатита была изучена у 334 пациентов из Тайваня (237 мужчин и 97 женщин в возрасте 16-81 года) с уделением особого внимания роли вируса гепатита С (HCV), вируса гепатита E (HEV) и вируса GB вируса C/гепатита G (GBV-C/HGV) у острого гепатита, не относящегося к категории B (NANB), и у носителей HBsAg с гиперактивным гепатитом. Согласно обычным диагностическим критериям, было зарегистрировано 12 случаев (3,6 процента) острого гепатита А, 17 случаев (5,1 процента) острого гепатита В, 128 случаев (38,3 процента) острого гепатита NANB и 177 случаев (53,0 процента) о

Herpesvirus and GB Virus C Infections in Men With and Without HIV-1 Who Have Sex with Men.

In men with (MWH) and without (MWOH) HIV-1 infection, we longitudinally evaluated the prevalence of human herpesvirus (HHV) and GB virus C (GBV-C) infections and examined associations with plasma HIV-1 load and inflammatory markers. We analyzed 11,874 plasma samples (collected from 1984 to 2009) from 1,882 men who have sex with men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study to quantify four HHVs [cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)] and GBV-C. HHV and GBV-C viral loads were measured using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction…

Prevalence of GB virus type C viraemia in MSM with or without HIV-1 infection in Beijing, China.

GB virus C (GBV-C) is frequently identified in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) due to the similar transmission routes. However, it remains unclear how these two viruses interact with each other and how one virus affects the replication of the other in the human body. In this study, we performed a case-control study to determine whether GBV-C viraemia could prevent the acquisition of HIV-1 infection, and a cohort study to determine the prevalence, genotypic characteristics and incidence of GBV-C infection in men who have sex with men (MSM) populations in Be…

A comparative cell biological analysis reveals only limited functional homology between the NS5A proteins of hepatitis C virus and GB virus B.

GB virus B (GBV-B) is the closest relative to hepatitis C virus (HCV) with which it shares a common genome organization, however, unlike HCV in humans, it generally causes an acute resolving hepatitis in New World monkeys. It is important to understand the factors regulating the different disease profiles of the two viruses and in this regard, as well as playing a key role in viral RNA replication, the HCV NS5A non-structural protein modulates a variety of host-cell signalling pathways. We have shown previously that HCV NS5A, expressed either alone, or in the context of the complete polyprotei

Host range studies of GB virus-B hepatitis agent, the closest relative of hepatitis C virus, in New World monkeys and chimpanzees.

GB virus-B (GBV-B) is a member of the Flaviviridae family of viruses. This RNA virus causes acute resolving hepatitis in experimentally infected tamarins, but its natural host remains unknown. GBV-B and a related virus, GBV-A, were recovered from serum containing the "GB agent," which was believed to have originated from a surgeon (initials: GB) with acute hepatitis. GBV-B has special interest because it is the virus related most closely to hepatitis C virus, which is an important cause of acute and chronic liver disease in humans. In the present study, we found that the host range of GBV-B in

Using live pathogens to treat infectious diseases: a historical perspective on the relationship between GB virus C and HIV.

Recent reports that co-infection with GB virus C (GBV-C) is associated with a reduced mortality in HIV-infected individuals, a slower progression to AIDS, and lower HIV viral loads, suggest a potential role of GBV-C as therapy for HIV infection. Although not known to cause any human disease, GBV-C was only recently discovered and prospective studies assessing long-term consequences of infection have not been completed. Our understanding of the host-viral interactions between humans and GBV-C is in its infancy. Further research into the intriguing relationship between GBV-C and HIV is needed be…

The prevalence of serum GB virus C/hepatitis G virus RNA and anti-E2 in Japanese children without a history of blood transfusion.

The prevalence of serum GB virus C (GBV-C)/Hepatitis G virus (HGV) RNA and anti-E2 was investigated in Japanese children younger than 16 years of age without a history of blood transfusion and the family members of serum GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive children. The prevalences of serum GBV-C/HGV RNA and anti-E2 were 0.5% (5/1000) and 0% (0/330), respectively. Viral RNA was also detected in the mothers of all five GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive children and in two of their siblings. Sequence determinations indicated the likelihood of mother-to-infant transmission in all cases. The presence of the virus persist…

Prevalence of GB virus C/Hepatitis G virus infection among various populations in Surabaya, Indonesia, and identification of novel groups of sequence variants.

A molecular epidemiological study was performed to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection among various populations in Surabaya, Indonesia. The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV RNA, determined by reverse transcription-PCR for a portion of the NS3 region of the viral genome, was 2.7% (4 of 150) among randomly collected blood donor sera, which were all negative for both hepatitis B virus surface antigen and antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV). On the other hand, the prevalence among anti-HCV-positive blood donors was 17.8% (13 of 73), with the ratio being …

GB virus type C/HGV markers in HCV RNA-positive French blood donors: correlation with HCV genotypes and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to GB virus type C/HGV (GBV-C/HGV) could be determined by detection either of RNA by RT-PCR or of antibodies of the envelope protein E2. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The aim of the study was to determine the proportion of the GBV-C/HGV markers of infection in a blood donor population infected with HCV and to identify GBV-C/HGV routes of transmission that are associated with HCV genotypes and risk factors. RESULTS: Among 306 HCV RNA-positive blood donors, the proportion of GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive donors and anti-E2-positive donors was 19.3 percent (95% CI = 15.0-24.2%) and 42

Human Leukocyte Antigen-E Alleles are Associated with Hepatitis C Virus, Torque Teno Virus, and Toxoplasma Co-infections but are not Associated with Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis D Virus, and GB Virus C Co-infections in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients.

CONTEXT: Data regarding the distribution of Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-E alleles and their association with blood-borne pathogen infections/co-infections are limited for many populations, including Indonesia. AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between HLA-E allelic variants and infection with blood-borne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), torque teno virus (TTV), GB virus C (GBV-C), and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in Indonesian Javanese human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A to…

Impact of GB virus type C infection on mother-to-child HIV transmission in the Women and Infants Transmission Study Cohort.

BACKGROUND: GB virus type C (GBV-C) viraemia is associated with a beneficial outcome in HIV-infected individuals in several though not all studies. GBV-C viraemia was examined in a matched case-control study of 133 HIV-infected pregnant women who transmitted HIV to their infants ('cases') and 266 non-transmitting controls. METHODS: HIV-infected children and controls were pair-matched for high-risk delivery, race and year of delivery. GBV-C status was determined in maternal plasma samples obtained at or within 3 months of delivery. RESULTS: Pregnant women with GBV-C viraemia (11% of those stu

Prevalence of GB virus-C/hepatitis G virus infection in patients with cryptogenic chronic liver disease and in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or Wilson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in cryptogenic chronic liver disease (CLD), we investigated the prevalence of HGV RNA among patients with cryptogenic CLD, patients with nonviral CLD (primary biliary cirrhosis [PBC] and Wilson's disease [WD]) and subjects without clinically evident liver disease (controls). METHODS: Ninety patients with cryptogenic CLD (43 with chronic hepatitis, 20 with cirrhosis, and 27 with hepatocellular carcinoma [HCC]), 143 patients with PBC, 22 patients with WD, and 134 controls were recruited. HGV RNA was detected by reverse transcription-polym

Detection of GB virus C genomic sequence in the cerebrospinal fluid of a HIV-infected patient in China: a case report and literature review.

Hepatitis G virus or GB virus C (GBV-C) is a human virus of the Flaviviridae family that is structurally and epidemiologically closest to hepatitis C virus, but replicates primarily in lymphocytes. Co-infection with GBV-C has been reported to confer beneficial outcomes in some HIV-positive patients. Up to now, however, studies on GBV-C infection in the central nervous system (CNS) of HIV-infected patient have rarely been reported. Herein, we report on a 32-year-old HIV-1-infected patient with cerebral toxoplasmosis and fungal encephalitis. GBV-C viral loads were detected in CSF by quantitative…

Down-regulation of intra-hepatic T-cell signaling associated with GB virus C in a HCV/HIV co-infected group with reduced liver disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Studies have shown that GB virus C (GBV-C) infection leads to reduced liver disease in hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection. Considering that the underlying mechanism(s) are unknown, we aim to identify differential gene and protein expression associated with GBV-C in HCV/HIV co-infection that may be responsible for reduced liver disease. METHODS: Liver, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and plasma samples were collected from 43 HCV/HIV patients. Plasma was tested for GBV-C RNA by RT-PCR with NS5B gene primers. A microarray was pe…

GB virus type C envelope protein E2 elicits antibodies that react with a cellular antigen on HIV-1 particles and neutralize diverse HIV-1 isolates.

Broadly neutralizing Abs to HIV-1 are well described; however, identification of Ags that elicit these Abs has proven difficult. Persistent infection with GB virus type C (GBV-C) is associated with prolonged survival in HIV-1-infected individuals, and among those without HIV-1 viremia, the presence of Ab to GBV-C glycoprotein E2 is also associated with survival. GBV-C E2 protein inhibits HIV-1 entry, and an antigenic peptide within E2 interferes with gp41-induced membrane perturbations in vitro, suggesting the possibility of structural mimicry between GBV-C E2 protein and HIV-1 particles. Natu

Expression of GB virus C NS5A protein from genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 5 and a 30 aa NS5A fragment inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in a CD4+ T-lymphocyte cell line.

GB virus type C (GBV-C) is a common human flavivirus that has been associated with prolonged survival in HIV-positive individuals in several, though not all, epidemiological studies. There are five distinct GBV-C genotypes that are geographically localized, and it has been speculated that GBV-C genotypic differences may explain variable outcomes observed in different clinical studies. Expression of an 85 aa fragment of the GBV-C NS5A phosphoprotein (genotype 2) in a CD4+ T cell line (Jurkat) resulted in inhibition of HIV replication, mediated in part by decreased surface expression of the HIV