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Crosstalk between p38, Hsp25 and Akt in spinal motor neurons after sciatic nerve injury.

The p38 stress-activated protein kinase pathway is involved in regulation of phosphorylation of Hsp25, which in turn regulates actin filament dynamic in non-neuronal cells. We report that p38, Hsp25 and Akt signaling pathways were specifically activated in spinal motor neurons after sciatic nerve axotomy. The activation of the p38 kinase was required for induction of Hsp25 expression. Furthermore, Hsp25 formed a complex with Akt, a member of PI-3 kinase pathway that prevents neuronal cell death. Together, our observations implicate Hsp25 as a central player in a complex system of signaling tha

Acetylcholine triggers L-glutamate exocytosis via nicotinic receptors and inhibits melatonin synthesis in rat pinealocytes.

Rat pinealocytes, melatonin-secreting endocrine cells, contain peripheral glutaminergic systems. L-Glutamate is a negative regulator of melatonin synthesis through a metabotropic receptor-mediated inhibitory cAMP cascade. Previously, we reported that depolarization of pinealocytes by externally added KCl and activation of L-type Ca2+ channels resulted in secretion of L-glutamate by microvesicle exocytosis. What is unknown is how and what kinds of stimuli trigger glutamate exocytosis under physiological conditions. Here, we report that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor can trigger glutamate

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

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… murine) Ligand endogen Ligand exogen MRGPX2 (human ortholog), MrgprB2 (murine ortholog) Substance P, platelet factor-4, AC-30/SC, β-defensin, cathelicidin, LL-37, BAM (8‒22; 13‒22; 22), catestatin, cortistatin, hemokinin-1 Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, atracurium, rocuronium, tubocurarine … Ligand endogen | Ligand exogen MRGPX2 (human ortholog), MrgprB2 (murine ortholog) | Substance P, platelet factor-4, AC-30/SC, β-defensin, cathelicidin, LL-37, BAM (8‒22; 13‒22; 22), catestatin, cortistatin, hemokinin-1 | Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, atracurium, rocuronium, tubocurarine …

Intracellular Pathways and Mechanisms of Colored Secondary Metabolites in Cancer Therapy.

Despite the great advancements made in cancer treatment, there are still many unsatisfied aspects, such as the wide palette of side effects and the drug resistance. There is an obvious increasing scientific attention towards nature and what it can offer the human race. Natural products can be used to treat many diseases, of which some plant products are currently used to treat cancer. Plants produce secondary metabolites for their signaling mechanisms and natural defense. A variety of plant-derived products have shown promising anticancer properties in vitro and in vivo. Rather than recreating

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… Many alkaloid salts are used in medicine, including antitumoral vinblastine, analgesics morphine and codeine, muscle relaxant tubocurarine, antipyretic and antimalarial quinine, antiarrhythmic ajmalicine, sedative action scopolamine, antibiotic sanguinarine, gout suppressant colchicine, and reserpine …

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels as Targets for Treatment and Management of Cancers.

Ligand-gated ion channels are an ionotropic receptor subtype characterized by the binding of an extracellular ligand, followed by the transient passage of ions through a transmembrane pore. Ligand-gated ion channels are commonly subcategorized into three superfamilies: purinoreceptors, glutamate receptors, and Cys-loop receptors. This classification is based on the differing topographical morphology of the receptors, which in turn confers functional differences. Ligand-gated ion channels have a diverse spatial and temporal expression which implicate them in key cellular processes. Given that t

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… (S)-(-)-5-Iodowillardiine | Topiramate; Cyanquixaline (CNQX) NMDA | L- Glutamate | Na + , K + , Ca 2+ | Ibotenic acid; Quinolinic acid; Glyx-13 | MK-801 (dizocilpine); Memantine Cys-loop nACh | Acetylcholine | Na + , K + , Ca 2+ (sometimes) | Varenicline; 3-Bromocystine | Pancuronium dibromide; (+)-Tubocurarine …

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In vitro расширила человека CD4+CD25+ регуляционные T клетки, подавляющие распространение Т клеток.

Регулирующие Т клетки (Tregs) оказались критически важными в балансе между автоиммунизацией и терпимостью и были связаны с несколькими аутоиммунными заболеваниями человека. Однако небольшое число трегов в периферии крови ограничивает их терапевтический потенциал. Поэтому мы разработали протокол, который позволит расширить "Трегз" при сохранении их подавляющей активности. Мы изолировали клетки CD4+CD25 hi от человеческой периферической крови и расширили их in vitro в присутствии anti-CD3 и anti-CD28 Магнитные кситы и высокие концентрации внешнего интерлейкина (IL) -2. Траги были эффективно расш