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Storage diseases with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype.

Never judge a book by its cover, nor assume hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) as sarcomeric, as appearances can deceive. HCM phenocopies account for a 5-10% of the cases, mainly represented by storage diseases, flagged by the increasing prevalence of senile cardiac amyloid in developing countries. Multisystemic and heterogeneous presentation of these entities is a challenge for clinicians, and time delay in diagnosis is a major concern. Promising drugs and gene-specific tailored therapies are under development, therefore, more than ever, appropriate understanding of these conditions is mandato

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… Pain release is a mayor issue to solve, and neuroleptics drugs are an option for neuropathic pain (gabapentin, carbamazepine). For pain crisis, opioids can be used. …

II Brazilian Consensus on the use of human immunoglobulin in patients with primary immunodeficiencies.

In the last few years, new primary immunodeficiencies and genetic defects have been described. Recently, immunoglobulin products with improved compositions and for subcutaneous use have become available in Brazil. In order to guide physicians on the use of human immunoglobulin to treat primary immunodeficiencies, based on a narrative literature review and their professional experience, the members of the Primary Immunodeficiency Group of the Brazilian Society of Allergy and Immunology prepared an updated document of the 1st Brazilian Consensus, published in 2010. The document presents new know

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… , cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and toxoplasmosis Diseases related to increased immunoglobulin catabolism | Myotonic dystrophy and hypersplenism Secondary to the use of drugs Immunosuppressants | Corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, acetyl mycophenolic acid, and cyclosporine Anticonvulsants | Carbamazepine …

Epigenetic Mechanisms in DNA Double Strand Break Repair: A Clinical Review.

Upon the induction of DNA damage, the chromatin structure unwinds to allow access to enzymes to catalyse the repair. The regulation of the winding and unwinding of chromatin occurs via epigenetic modifications, which can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Epigenetic mechanisms such as histone acetylation and DNA methylation are known to be reversible and have been indicated to play different roles in the repair of DNA. More importantly, the inhibition of such mechanisms has been reported to play a role in the repair of double strand breaks, the most detrimental type of DN

Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Epidemiology, Pathomechanisms and Treatment.

PurposeThis review provides an update on the current clinical, epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence alongside the diagnostic, prevention and treatment approach to chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).FindingsThe incidence of cancer and long-term survival after treatment is increasing. CIPN affects sensory, motor and autonomic nerves and is one of the most common adverse events caused by chemotherapeutic agents, which in severe cases leads to dose reduction or treatment cessation, with increased mortality. The primary classes of chemotherapeutic agents associated with CI

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… by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommended against the use of a range of interventions (acupuncture, cryotherapy, exercise therapy or ganglioside-monosialic acid (GM-1), retinoic acid, amifostine, amitriptyline, calcium magnesium infusion (Ca/Mg), calmangafodipir, cannabinoids, carbamazepine … Oxcarbazepine (prevention) | Argyriou et al. 2006 [ 362 ]: Randomised, open-label, standard-of-care-controlled trial | Total ( n = 40) Oxcarbazepine ( n = 20) Control ( n = 20) | Oxaliplatin | The incidence of OIPN was reduced in the oxcarbazepine group compared to controls (31.2% vs 75%; p = 0.033) | – Carbamazepine …

Anticoagulation for Cancer Patients in Special Situations: A Narrative Review of Guidelines and Literature.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The management of special situations-including recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), thrombosis at unusual sites, and central venous catheter-associated thrombosis (CVC-AT)-remains particularly challenging because of the limited availability of high-quality evidence. This narrative review synthesizes recommendations from major international and Spanish clinical practice guidelines and expert consensus documents, including those from SEOM, ESMO, ASCO, NCCN, ITAC and SEMI, to provide a struc

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… anticoagulation and alternatives with patient and/or health care proxy and document before treatment initiation. 4 Close observation without anticoagulation includes lower extremity Doppler ultrasound after 1 week (consider repeat in 2 weeks) to exclude new DVT or proximal DVT progression. 5 Phenytoin, carbamazepine …

Antibody-Drug Conjugates: Pharmacotherapeutic Properties and Future Perspectives.

Background: The clinical landscape for antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is currently experiencing an unprecedented expansion, with more than 20 agents approved to date and hundreds presently under clinical evaluation, underscoring their growing impact in precision oncology. By combining the cytotoxic potency of chemotherapy with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, ADCs have redefined targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, challenges related to toxicity, resistance, and suboptimal drug delivery continue to limit their full clinical potential. Objectives: This review provides a comprehensiv

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… Carbamazepine bilayer tablets combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic cyclodextrins as a quick/slow biphasic release system. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2020;57:101611. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101611. 2. Kim Y., Park E.J., Na D.H. Antibody–drug conjugates for targeted anticancer drug delivery. J. …

:: 8th Европейский конгресс фармацевтики: выдержки из выступлений

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… Neurodevelopment of children exposed in utero to lamotrigine, sodium valproate and carbamazepine. Arch Dis Child 2011; 96(7): 643–647. 6. EMA website, https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/ (accessed 27 October 2024). 7. HALMED website, https://halmed.hr/ (accessed 27 October 2024). …

Эффективность транскраниального прямого тока (tDCS) на нейропсихиатрических Симптомах в множестве склерозов (MS) - обзор и понимание возможных механизмов действий.

Введение: Нейропсихиатрические симптомы, такие, как депрессия и беспокойство, являются значительным бременем для пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС). Их патофизиология сложна и еще не до конца понятна. Существует срочная потребность в неинвазивных методах лечения, которые непосредственно нацелены на мозг и помогают пациентам с склерозом. Одним из таких возможных способов лечения является транскраниальная стимуляция прямого тока (TDCS) - популярный и эффективный метод неинвазивной стимуляции мозга. Методы: В рамках этого механистического обзора изучается эффективность ТДСС в лечении депрес

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… glatiramer acetate ( n = 4), or natalizumab ( n = 3) | No data | Varied | Fatigue | 9.0 years (all patients), 9.4 years (responders), and 8.5 years (non-responders) | Only right-handed patients | Only relapsing–remitting | 3/10 | 46.8 ± 6.8, range: 37–59 | 13 | [ 45 ] In tDCS group: gabapentin, pregabalin, carbamazepine …

Oleocanthal as a Multifunctional Anti-Cancer Agent: Mechanistic Insights, Advanced Delivery Strategies, and Synergies for Precision Oncology.

Oleocanthal (OC), a secoiridoid phenolic compound exclusive to extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), has emerged as a promising nutraceutical with multifaceted anti-cancer properties. Despite its well-characterized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the mechanistic breadth and translational potential of OC in oncology remain underexplored and fragmented across the literature. This comprehensive review synthesizes and critically analyzes recent advances in the molecular, pharmacological, and translational landscape of OC's anti-cancer activities, providing an integrative framework to bridge pr

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… Competitive Inhibition | Competes for UGT enzymes → Reduced OC conjugation | Potential pharmacokinetic variability of OC Dexamethasone | Corticosteroid (antiemetic, edema in cancer) | CYP3A4 | Induction | Enhances CYP3A4 activity → ↑ OC metabolism → ↓ plasma levels | Reduced OC therapeutic efficacy Carbamazepine … Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, hormone receptor modulators like tamoxifen, and antiepileptics including valproic acid, carbamazepine, and phenytoin are known to interact with CYP450 and UGT enzymes, thereby altering the metabolic fate of OC [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. …

Evaluation and Treatment of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: 2022 Update of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity.

The goal of the 8th edition of the Clinical Practice Guidelines for Obesity is to help primary care physician provide safe, effective care to patients with obesity by offering evidence-based recommendations to improve the quality of treatment. The Committee for Clinical Practice Guidelines comprised individuals with multidisciplinary expertise in obesity management. A steering board of seven experts oversaw the entire project. Recommendations were developed as the answers to key questions formulated in patient/problem, intervention, comparison, outcomes (PICO) format. Guidelines underwent mult

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… clozapine, quetiapine, risperidone | Tricyclic antidepressants: imipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, doxepin | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: paroxetine | Noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants: mirtazapine | Mood stabilizers: lithium | Anti-convulsants: valproate, carbamazepine …

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,

Vitamin D: Update 2013: From rickets prophylaxis to general preventive healthcare.

Vitamin D has received a lot of attention recently as a result of a meteoric rise in the number of publications showing that vitamin D plays a crucial role in a plethora of physiological functions and associating vitamin D deficiency with many acute and chronic illnesses including disorders of calcium metabolism, autoimmune diseases, some cancers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, infectious diseases and cardiovascular disease. The recent data on vitamin D from experimental, ecological, case-control, retrospective and prospective observational studies, as well as smaller intervention studies, are sign

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… Prescription and over the counter drugs that can activate the pregnane X receptor (PXR) (selection) PXR ligands | Examples Androgen receptor antagonists | Cyproterone acetate Antiepileptics | Phenytoin, carbamazepine Antiestrogens | Tamoxifen Antihypertensives | Nifedipine, spironolactone Antimycotics …

UK clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

UNLABELLED: The National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) has revised the UK guideline for the assessment and management of osteoporosis and the prevention of fragility fractures in postmenopausal women, and men age 50 years and older. Accredited by NICE, this guideline is relevant for all healthcare professionals involved in osteoporosis management. INTRODUCTION: The UK National Osteoporosis Guideline Group (NOGG) first produced a guideline on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in 2008, with updates in 2013 and 2017. This paper presents a major update of the guideline, the scope

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… Drugs affecting gonadal hormone production (aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate, gonadotrophin hormone-releasing agonists, gonadotrophin hormone receptor antagonists) Some diabetes drugs ( e.g., thiazolidinediones) Some antiepileptics ( e.g., phenytoin and carbamazepine … Drugs affecting gonadal hormone production (aromatase inhibitors, androgen deprivation therapy, medroxyprogesterone acetate, gonadotrophin hormone-releasing agonists, gonadotrophin hormone receptor antagonists) Some diabetes drugs ( e.g., thiazolidinediones) Some antiepileptics ( e.g., phenytoin and carbamazepine …

Neuropathic cancer pain: What we are dealing with? How to manage it?

Cancer pain is a serious health problem, and imposes a great burden on the lives of patients and their families. Pain can be associated with delay in treatment, denial of treatment, or failure of treatment. If the pain is not treated properly it may impair the quality of life. Neuropathic cancer pain (NCP) is one of the most complex phenomena among cancer pain syndromes. NCP may result from direct damage to nerves due to acute diagnostic/therapeutic interventions. Chronic NCP is the result of treatment complications or malignancy itself. Although the reason for pain is different in NCP and non

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… Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine have been used in trigeminal neuralgia, but recent studies do not advise their use in PHN or NCP. 43 , 134 NMDA antagonists: ketamine, dextromethorphan, amantadine, magnesium NMDA is an excitatory neurotransmitter. …

Neurology

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2021 ACMT Annual Scientific Meeting Abstracts-Virtual.

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… The most commonly reported exposures were clonazepam (3.03 exposures per 100,000 persons), valproic acid (1.47), gabapentin (1.44), lamotrigine (1.34), and carbamazepine (1.17). Twenty-five thousand (11%) patients were admitted to the hospital, including 6% to a critical care unit. … Compared to all other AEDs, carbamazepine was associated with greatest risk for hospital admission (OR 3.4, 95% CI 3.3–3.5) or intubation (OR 8.3, 95% CI 7.5–9.3). Tiagabine was associated with the greatest risk for seizure (13.8, 95% CI 10.3–18.6). …

49th ESCP virtual symposium on clinical pharmacy 19.10.2021-21.10.2021 Clinical pharmacy, working collaboratively in mental health care.

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Unveiling the role of histone deacetylases in neurological diseases: focus on epilepsy.

Epilepsy remains a prevalent chronic neurological disease that is featured by aberrant, recurrent and hypersynchronous discharge of neurons and poses a great challenge to healthcare systems. Although several therapeutic interventions are successfully utilized for treating epilepsy, they can merely provide symptom relief but cannot exert disease-modifying effect. Therefore, it is of urgent need to explore other potential mechanism to develop a novel approach to delay the epileptic progression. Since approximately 30 years ago, histone deacetylases (HDACs), the versatile epigenetic regulators re

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… Furthermore, this phenomenon is exclusive for VPA as treatment with other anticonvulsants, such as carbamazepine or lamotrigine did not trigger alteration in the expression of SCN3A. …

Hematology

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… —sepsis A utoimmune —drug induced, SLE N eoplastic —lymphoproliferative disorders, myelodysplasia, leukemias, myelophthisis I nfections —sepsis, HIV I nsufficiency —folate, vitamin B12 I atrogenic —chemotherapy, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, synthetic penicillins, phenytoin, carbamazepine …

Kabuki Syndrome-Clinical Review with Molecular Aspects.

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare developmental disorder principally comprised of developmental delay, hypotonia and a clearly defined dysmorphism: elongation of the structures surrounding the eyes, a shortened and depressed nose, thinning of the upper lip and thickening of the lower lip, large and prominent ears, hypertrichosis and scoliosis. Other characteristics include poor physical growth, cardiac, gastrointestinal and renal anomalies as well as variable behavioral issues, including autistic features. De novo or inherited pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the KMT2D gene are the most c

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… Myoclonic seizures tend to respond well to levetiracetam, while focal seizures tend to respond poorly to carbamazepine therapy. Evidence of brain malformation since birth was not shown; however, 4/5 of these children had abnormal electroencephalogram findings. …