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Uremic Paralytic Ileus in a 70 Years Old Female: A Diagnostic Dilemma.

Uremia has been associated with slowed intestinal motility, resulting in loss of peristalsis and the development of paralytic ileus. We present a case of uremia-induced paralytic ileus in a 70-year-old woman. The patient was admitted with a 7-day history of abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. Initial evaluation revealed a soft non-tender abdomen with decreased bowel sounds. Urgent ultrasonography showed dilated gut loops and sluggish gut motility, while atrophic kidneys with hydronephrosis were also appreciated. Routine biochemistry labs revealed elevated creatinine and potassium level

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… Laboratory investigations showed normal values for serum amylase (30 U/L, normal range: 25–125 U/L), lipase (20 U/L, normal range: 10–60 U/L), arterial blood gases (ABGs) showing pH (7.42, normal range: 7.35–7.45), bicarbonate (24 mmol/L, normal range: 22–28 mmol/L), and pCO2 (38 mmHg, normal range: …

Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy and Its Regulation by Cannabinoids in Cancer.

Autophagy is a "self-degradation" process whereby malfunctioned cytoplasmic constituents and protein aggregates are engulfed by a vesicle called the autophagosome, and subsequently degraded by the lysosome. Autophagy plays a crucial role in sustaining protein homeostasis and can be an alternative source of energy under detrimental circumstances. Studies have demonstrated a paradoxical function for autophagy in cancer, displaying both tumour suppressive and tumour promotive roles. In early phases of tumour development autophagy promotes cancer cell death. In later phases, autophagy enables canc

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… Along with the ligands and receptors, the endocannabinoid system also consists of metabolising enzymes such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), which are involved in hydrolysis and degradation of endocannabinoids AEA and 2-AG, respectively [ 134 , 135 ]. 7. … Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2002;99:10819–10824. doi: 10.1073/pnas.152334899. 136. Tramèr M.R., Carroll D., Campbell F.A., Reynolds D.J., Moore R.A., McQuay H.J. …

Безопасность иммунных модуляторов точек контроля за пределами PD-1/PD-L1 и CTLA-4 в твердых опухолях: мета-анализ.

ОБЗОР: Новые агенты, направленные на иммунные проверочные точки, разрабатываются для преодоления резистентности к блокировке PD-1/PD-L1 и CTLA-4. Частота иммунных ассоциированных нежелательных событий (irAEs) и токсичность новых агентов остается неизученной. МЕТОДЫ: Мы провели поиск клинических испытаний в PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase и Web of Science, оценивающих агенты, направленные на коянгибиторные (B7-H3, CD47, TIGIT, LAG-3, TIM-3) или ко-стимулирующие проверочные точки (OX40, 4-1BB, CD27, ICOS, GITR, CD70, CD40) в твердых опухолях. Случаи любого класса и класса 3-5 (В тыс.G3-5) Связанные с об

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… 31.9) | 4 | 7.4% (1.9 to 25.2) | 1 | 3.7% (1.8 to 7.5) | 2 | 1.1% (0.3 to 4.2) | 2 | 6.1% (1.5 to 21.2) | 1 | 3.0% (0.4 to 18.6) | 1 | | | | | | | | Bilirubin | | | | | 1.5% (0.2 to 9.8) | 1 | 1.5% (0.2 to 9.8) | 1 | | | | | 3.1% (0.4 to 19.1) | 1 | 1.5% (0.1 to 19.6) | 1 | | | | Lipase … | | | | 22.8% (11.5 to 40.0) | 2 | 3.1% (1.0 to 9.0) | 2 | 5.8% (2.9 to 11.1) | 1 | | | 26.3% (14.8 to 42.4) | 1 | 5.3% (1.3 to 18.7) | 1 | 3.5% (1.7 to 7.2) | 2 | 0.9% (0.2 to 4.4) | 2 Bilirubin | | | | | 16.4% (9.1 to 27.9) | 1 | 0.8% (0.0 to 11.5) | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | Lipase …

Multiplatform plasma fingerprinting in cancer cachexia: a pilot observational and translational study.

BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome that affects up to 50-80% of cancer patients. The pathophysiology is characterized by a variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism, including systemic inflammation and negative protein and energy balance. Despite its high clinical significance, defined diagnostic criteria and established therapeutic strategies are lacking. The 'omics' technologies provide a global view of biological systems. We hypothesize that blood-based metabolomics might identify findings in cachectic patients that could provide clues to gain knowledge o

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… However, there was no evidence for a decreased level of lipoprotein lipase in the adipose tissue of cancer patients, but there was a two‐fold increase in the relative level of mRNA for hormone‐sensitive lipase, suggesting an upregulation of triacylglycerol hydrolysis. 6 , 61 Also, in response to glucose …

SGLT2 Inhibitors: From Structure-Effect Relationship to Pharmacological Response.

SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly used due to their effectiveness in improving not only type 2 diabetes but also cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases, as well as the obesity found in metabolic syndrome. Starting from the structure of gliflozins, modifications of the carbohydrate part, aglycone, and also the glycosidic bond between them can determine variations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. SGLT2 inhibitors, in addition to reducing blood glucose levels, improve alterations in lipid metabolism by diverting excessively accumulated lipids in tissues towards mobil

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… SGLT2 inhibitors also act by reducing the activity of the enzymes TGL-lipase and lipoprotein-lipase. … This inhibition would actually be an indirect effect because, in the context of SGLT2 inhibitor medication, a decrease in the expression of angiopoietin-like protein, which in turn inhibits lipoprotein-lipase, was observed [ 159 , 161 ]. …

Oroxylin A: A Promising Flavonoid for Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases.

There have been magnificent advancements in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of chronic diseases over the past several years, but these diseases continue to be a considerable cause of death worldwide. Most of the approved medications available for the prevention and treatment of these diseases target only a single gene/protein/pathway and are known to cause severe side effects and are less effective than they are anticipated. Consequently, the development of finer therapeutics that outshine the existing ones is far-reaching. Natural compounds have enormous applications in curbing seve

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… The adipogenic assay in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and pancreatic lipase assay showed that OA prevented lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Further, OA also inhibited PPARγ and C/EBP α, the major adipogenic transcription factor [ 225 ]. … Oroxylin A regulates the turnover of lipid droplet via downregulating adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) in hepatic stellate cells. Life Sci. 2019;238:116934. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116934. 80. Zhu X., Chen Y., Zhu W., Ji M., Xu J., Guo Y., Gao F., Gu W., Yang X., Zhang C. …

Efficacy and safety of bispecific antibodies vs. immune checkpoint blockade combination therapy in cancer: a real-world comparison.

Emerging tumor immunotherapy methods encompass bispecific antibodies (BSABs), immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and adoptive cell immunotherapy. BSABs belong to the antibody family that can specifically recognize two different antigens or epitopes on the same antigen. These antibodies demonstrate superior clinical efficacy than monoclonal antibodies, indicating their role as a promising tumor immunotherapy option. Immune checkpoints are also important in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) is a widely acknowledged immune checkpoint target with effective anti-tumor ac

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… Conversely, the main AEs associated with ICI combination therapies include elevated lipase levels, rash, diarrhea/enteritis, and injection-related AEs (across all grades) (Fig. 3 c and Supplementary Table S 3 ). … Among the AEs, elevated liver enzyme levels, increased lipase concentration, and skin rash are mainly observed (Fig. 4 c and Supplementary Table S 4 ). …

Inpatient Medicine

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… The patient’s amylase and lipase are normal. CT scan of the abdomen is normal. What is the next appropriate step in the management of this patient? A) Start PPI. B) H. pylori treatment. C) Stop ibuprofen. D) Manometry studies. E) Upper endoscopy. …

Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest develo

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… To overcome these limitations, Guo and colleagues developed a self-assembled amphiphilic micelle that is sensitive to lipase, enabling efficient delivery of HA. … Evaluation of hypocrellin A-loaded lipase sensitive polymer micelles for intervening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. Materials Sci Eng C-Materials Biol Appl (2020) 106:110230. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110230 59. …

The use of validated and nonvalidated surrogate endpoints in two European Medicines Agency expedited approval pathways: A cross-sectional study of products authorised 2011-2018.

BACKGROUND: In situations of unmet medical need or in the interests of public health, expedited approval pathways, including conditional marketing authorisation (CMA) and accelerated assessment (AA), speed up European Medicines Agency (EMA) marketing authorisation recommendations for medicinal products. CMAs are based on incomplete benefit-risk assessment data and authorisation remains conditional until regulator-imposed confirmatory postmarketing measures are fulfilled. For products undergoing AA, complete safety and efficacy data should be available, and postauthorisation measures may includ

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… IIR) conducted by the imaging core laboratory using RECIST 1.1” (p. 82) | Y Composite disease progression/death | Phase III | 0 | 3 | 3 27/08/2015 (AA) | sebelipase alfa ( Kanuma ) (EMA/514387/2015) [ 95 ] | “[F]or long-term enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in patients of all ages with lysosomal acid lipase … Two of the 5 (40%) products whose pivotal trials reported clinical outcomes had obligations to conduct postauthorisation studies, nusinersen (Spinraza) for spinal muscular atrophy and sebelipase alfa (Kanuma) for lysosomal acid lipase deficiency ( S1 Table ). …

Acute Esophageal Necrosis: A Case Series From a Safety Net Hospital.

Acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) or "black esophagus" is a rare clinical condition, endoscopically characterized by diffuse circumferential black esophageal mucosa. Etiologies include hypoperfusion, infections, and corrosive injury. Consideration of this condition as a differential diagnosis is important, as early diagnosis and treatment has implications on survival. In this article, we present four unique cases of acute esophageal necrosis who were managed conservatively.

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… Laboratory examination revealed serum creatinine of 2.3 mg/dL, BUN 44 mg/dL, WBC 16.1 K/uL, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 118 U/L, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 279 U/L, with a serum lipase of 1,174 U/L. …

Effect of PLA2G6 and SMPD1 Variants on the Lipid Metabolism in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Parkinson's Disease: A Non-targeted Lipidomics Study.

IntroductionSleep patterns are more frequently interrupted in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and it is still unclear whether genetic factors are involved in PD-related sleep disorders. In this study, we hypothesize that PD-associated genetic risk affects lipid metabolism, which in turn contributes to different types of sleep disorders.MethodsWe used a non-targeted lipidomics to explore the lipid composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exosomes derived from patients with PD carrying phospholipase A2 Group VI (PLA2G6) and sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) mutations.ResultsPLA2G…

2020 ACVIM Forum On Demand Research Abstract Program.

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… Effects of Clinical Characteristics and Lifestyle Factors on Fecal Canine S100/Calgranulin Concentrations GI26 | Romy Heilmann | Association of Hypercobalaminemia with Pathological Findings in Dogs and Cats GI27 | Sue Yee Lim | 1,2‐o‐dilauryl‐rac‐glycero‐3‐glutaric acid‐(6′‐methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) Lipase … Assay is not Specific for Feline and Canine Pancreatic Lipase GI28 | Brogan Atkinson | Markers of Endothelial Activation and Inflammation in Canine Parvoviral Enteritis GI29 | Stacie Summers | The Impact of Sampling Method on Gut Microbial Community Profiles in Dogs and Cats GI30 | Fernanda da Costa …

Cystatin M/E Ameliorates Multiple Myeloma-Induced Hyper Osteolytic Bone Resorption.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated B-cells that is localized primarily in the bone marrow (BM) but also can be present in peripheral blood and tissue/organs [...].

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… Estrogen suppresses transcription of lipoprotein lipase gene: Existence of a unique estrogen response element on the lipoprotein lipase promoter J. Biol. Chem. 2000 275 11404 11411 10.1074/jbc.275.15.11404 10753956 41. An J. Ribeiro R.C. Webb P. Gustafsson J.A. Kushner P.J. Baxter J.D. …

Phase 1b/2a Study Assessing the Safety and Efficacy of Felzartamab in Anti-Phospholipase A2 Receptor Autoantibody-Positive Primary Membranous Nephropathy.

IntroductionPrimary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is most often caused by autoantibodies to phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R). M-PLACE (NCT04145440) is an open-label, phase 1b/2a study that assessed the safety and efficacy of the fully human anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody felzartamab in high-risk anti-PLA2R+ PMN.MethodsPatients with newly diagnosed or relapsed PMN (cohort 1 [C1]; n = 18) or PMN refractory to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) (cohort 2 [C2]; n = 13) received 9 infusions of felzartamab 16 mg/kg in the 24-week treatment period, followed by a 28-week follow-up. The primary end point w…

Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.

Respiratory tract diseases (RTDs) are a global cause of mortality and affect patient well-being and quality of life. Specifically, there is a high unmet need concerning respiratory tract infections (RTIs) due to limitations of vaccines and increased antibiotic resistance. Enzyme therapeutics, and in particular plant-based enzymes, represent an underutilised resource in drug development warranting further attention. This literature review aims to summarise the current state of enzyme therapeutics in medical applications, with a focus on their potential to improve outcomes in RTDs, including RTI

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… Enzymes Derived from Botanical Sources Plants can be a source for various kinds of enzymes, including lipases, amylases and proteases [ 52 ]. Enzymes from this source represent an underutilised area in enzyme therapeutics and few treatments are currently available. … Enzymes Market Size By Product (Proteases, Lipases, Carbohydrases [Amylases, Xylanases, Cellulases, Pectinases, Lactases], Polymerases & Nucleases, Phytases, Catalyses), By Application (Food & Beverage, Processed Food, Diary, Bakery, Confectionary), Industry Analysis Report, Regional Outlook, Growth …

Keyword Index for Volume 107

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… 1374 K- ras 1864 KDR 1044 Ki-67 632 KRAS 340, 1997 KRAS 626 KRAS mutation testing 345 lactate dehydrogenase 422 laminin 1153 lapatinib 956, 1075 LAT1 632 late effects 1833 leg length 165 length of stay 931 letrozole 1815 leukaemia 879 life expectancy 778 lifestyle 201 lipoprotein lipase …

Sympathetic nervous system in tumor progression and metabolic regulation: mechanisms and clinical potential.

Tumor progression is characterized by profound metabolic alterations and dynamic interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME), which enable rapid proliferation, immunoinvasion, and metastasis. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), which has been best known for its role in stress regulation, has emerged as a critical regulator of tumor metabolism. The SNS influences glucose, lipid and glutamine metabolism in tumor cells and stromal components by releasing neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine (NE), creating a pro-tumor metabolic and immunosuppressive microenvironment. SNS signaling e

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… E, a key mediator in the SNS under chronic stress, has been shown to promote lipid metabolism in breast cancer by activating a lipolysis pathway involving ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) [ 71 ]. … This signaling enhances the release of free fatty acids via PKC and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), providing energy particularly during stress or physical activity [ 139 , 140 ]. …

Доклад по делу Ига-Ига-И типа Мильомы, совпадающей с Гиперлипидемией.

В большинстве случаев у пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ) обычно наблюдаются нормальные или пониженные уровни липидов крови. Однако небольшое число случаев свидетельствует о значительной роли белка M в повышенных липидовых уровнях, особенно в тесной связи между типом IgA MM и гипертриглицеридемией и гиперхлестеролемией. Здесь мы сообщаем о случае MM типа Ига-Ига с одновременно гиперлипидемией, когда пациент с повышенным уровнем липидов при поступлении: полный холестерин 10.44 mmol/L (обычный диапазон: 2.8-5.6 mmol/L) и триглицериды 28.45 mmol/L (обычный диапазон: 0.45-1.70 mmol/L) Пациен

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… It is widely believed that the monoclonal immunoglobulin produced by malignant proliferation interacts with serum lipoproteins, tissue receptors, and lipoprotein lipase, leading to a reduced clearance rate of lipoproteins. …

Fatal Type B Lactic Acidosis Associated With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Case Report With Review of Literature, Pathogenesis, and Treatment.

Type B lactic acidosis associated with malignancy is a life-threatening complication and mostly seen in hematological malignancies but can also be seen in solid tumors. We report a rare case of a 64-year-old female diagnosed with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon with liver metastasis associated with severe type B lactic acidosis. We discuss pathophysiology, previously reported cases, and their outcomes. The most widely used therapies are bicarbonate infusion, thiamine supplementation, chemotherapy, and supportive care but is associated with poor outcomes, and no standard treatment recomm

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… Her glucose, phosphorus, calcium, urinalysis, and lipase were normal. Lactic acid was elevated 7.2 mmol/L (normal = 0.7-2.7 mmol/L). …