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Skin Telocytes Could Fundament the Cellular Mechanisms of Wound Healing in Platelet-Rich Plasma Administration.

For more than 40 years, autologous platelet concentrates have been used in clinical medicine. Since the first formula used, namely platelet-rich plasma (PRP), other platelet concentrates have been experimented with, including platelet-rich fibrin and concentrated growth factor. Platelet concentrates have three standard characteristics: they act as scaffolds, they serve as a source of growth factors and cytokines, and they contain live cells. PRP has become extensively used in regenerative medicine for the successful treatment of a variety of clinical (non-)dermatological conditions like alopec

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… These molecules fall into the groups of kinocidins, represented by the antimicrobial chemokines thrombocidin-1 (TC-1) and thrombocidin-2 (TC-2), and cationic host defense peptides (CHDPs), represented by the defensins and cathelicidins that are initially synthesized as immature peptides [ 138 ]. …

Unlocking the potential of tumor-targeting peptides in precision oncology.

Targeted cancer therapy has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional chemotherapy, which is often plagued by poor selectivity, off-target effects, and drug resistance. Among the various targeting agents in development, peptides stand out for their unique advantages, including minimal immunogenicity, high tissue penetration, and ease of modification. Their small size, specificity, and flexibility allow them to target cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue selectively. Peptide-based therapies have shown great potential in enhancing the efficacy of drug delivery, improvi

Антимикробные пептидные глатирамерные ацетаты направлены на то, чтобы псевудомоны аэругиноса липополизакариды проникли в мембраны, не изменяя при этом модификацию липополисачарида.

Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) являются ключевыми компонентами врожденного иммунитета во всех сферах жизни. Естественные и синтетические АМП получают все большее внимание в рамках усилий по борьбе с кризисом антимикробной устойчивости (АМР) и утратой антибиотической эффективности. Гграмм-отрицательный патоген псеводомоны аэругиноса является одним из наиболее часто заражающих бактерий в АМР, особенно у людей с цистичным фиброзом (КФ), где респираторные инфекции трудно искоренить и связаны с ростом заболеваемости и смертности. Кионические АМП используют негативно заряженные липополизаккариды (LPS)

Immunogenicity to biological drugs in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis.

Monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, defined as biological drugs, have modified the natural history of numerous immune-mediated disorders, allowing the development of therapies aimed at blocking the pathophysiological pathways of the disease, providing greater efficacy and safety than conventional treatment strategies. Virtually all therapeutic proteins elicit an immune response, producing anti-drug antibodies (ADAs) against hypervariable regions of immunoglobulins. Immunogenicity against biological drugs can alter their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, thereby reducing the

Лизат парабасероид дистазонис предотвращает серьезные формы экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиэлита, модифицируя примитивную реакцию клеток Т.

Микробиота кишечника влияет на реактивность иммунной системы, а парабактероид дистасонис появился как антивоспалительная комменза. Здесь мы изучили, может ли ли его лизат предотвратить сильные формы нейроинфламмации в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE) у мышей и как эта превентивная стратегия влияет на кишечную микробиоту и иммунную реакцию. Лизат анаэробной культуры P. distasonis (Pd лизат) был в устной форме подан мышам C57BL/6 в четырех еженедельных дозах. Неделю спустя EAE был вызван, и через три недели после вводного курса была проведена оценка степени заболеваемости. Фе

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

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… components of mucus include phospholipids, while other major mucus proteins are secreted by the goblet cells, including calcium-activated-1, Fc globulin binding protein, and zymogen granule protein 16 [ 33 ], plus a variety of trefoil factors and other antimicrobials, such as secretory IgA [ 34 ], cathelicidins …

Естественные и синтетические АМП из Латинской Америки по всему спектру технологий и приложений в области разнообразия.

Биоразнообразие в Латинской Америке примерно 60% в целом по миру, подпитывая научные исследования в области природных продуктов, весьма значимой области открытия наркотиков по сей день. Это сопровождается увеличением числа антимикробных пептидов (АМП), полученных из натуральных продуктов в регионе, которые за последнее десятилетие были переработаны путем модификации, усовершенствования и уточнения их физико-химических свойств и антимикробной эффективности с использованием подходов, которые варьируются от изучения рациональной конструкции и соотношения структуры-активности (САР) до методов иску

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… These peptides were redesigned from the cathelicidins of the South American pit vipers, Bothrops atrox and Crotalus durissus terrificus , through the elimination of unfavorable residues such as Val, Pro, Gly, and Thr to optimize the electrostatic surface. …

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

Pathogenetic Mechanisms Linking Sarcoidosis to Lymphoma.

Sarcoidosis and lymphoma share immunopathological characteristics that suggest a complex, interconnected relationship. This article examines the multi-faceted mechanisms linking sarcoidosis to lymphoma, a phenomenon called sarcoidosis-lymphoma syndrome (SLS). SLS is hard to diagnose, requiring distinct criteria and imaging to differentiate overlapping features and histological differences. The co-occurrence of these diseases may be explained by genetic predispositions, immune dysregulation, and environmental factors that enhance malignancy risk. In active sarcoidosis, chronic inflammation and

Natural Modulators of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Psoriatic Skin Inflammation.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can be initiated by excessive activation of endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. Therefore, inhibitors of endosomal TLR activation are being investigated for their ability to treat this disease. The currently approved biological drugs adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, ustekinumab, ixekizumab, and secukizumab are antibodies against effector cytokines that participate in the initiation and development of psoriasis. Several immune modulatory oligonucleotides and small molecular weight compounds, incl

Inflammatory Manifestations, Therapeutic Interventions, and Cancer Risk in Psoriasis: Current Epidemiological and Mechanistic Evidence.

Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune skin disease driven by persistent inflammation and immune dysfunction that severely impairs quality of life and is associated with serious comorbidities, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and depression. Emerging epidemiological evidence suggests an association between psoriasis and an increased risk of certain malignancies, such as breast cancer (BC) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), although the strength and consistency of these associations vary across study designs, and the underlying thrombo-inflammatory mechanisms remain inc

Crosstalk between hypoxic cellular micro-environment and the immune system: a potential therapeutic target for infectious diseases.

There are overwhelming reports on the promotional effect of hypoxia on the malignant behavior of various forms of cancer cells. This has been proposed and tested exhaustively in the light of cancer immunotherapy. However, there could be more interesting functions of a hypoxic cellular micro-environment than malignancy. There is a highly intricate crosstalk between hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), a transcriptional factor produced during hypoxia, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which has been well characterized in various immune cell types. This important crosstalk shares common activating an

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… Upon stabilization and activation, HIF-1α initiates the release of anti-microbial peptides like cathelicidins and granule proteases, which facilitate the production of TNF- α and nitric oxide ( 62 ). …

The Immune Regulatory Role of Adenosine in the Tumor Microenvironment.

Adenosine, an immunosuppressive metabolite, is produced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from dying or stressed cells and is found at high levels in the tumor microenvironment of most solid tumors. It mediates pro-tumor activities by inducing tumor cell proliferation, migration or invasion, tumor tissue angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. In addition, adenosine plays an important role in regulating anti-tumor immune responses and facilitating tumor immune escape. Adenosine receptors are broadly expressed by tumor-infiltrated immune cells, including suppressive tumor-associated macrophag

Advances in Peptidomimetics for Next-Generation Therapeutics: Strategies, Modifications, and Applications.

Over the past two decades, peptide drug discovery has experienced a remarkable renaissance, with organic chemistry and biotechnology emerging as pivotal tools for developing peptidomimetics that exhibit improved stability, specificity, and bioavailability compared to conventional peptides. This review systematically examines methodologies for modifying peptide backbones to achieve targeted properties, highlighting recent advances facilitated by modern biotechnological innovations for novel molecular transformations. Additionally, the review emphasizes the practical applications of peptides and

Role of Autophagy and AMPK in Cancer Stem Cells: Therapeutic Opportunities and Obstacles in Cancer.

Cancer stem cells represent a resilient subset within the tumor microenvironment capable of differentiation, regeneration, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, often using dormancy as a shield. Their unique properties, including drug resistance and metastatic potential, pose challenges for effective targeting. These cells exploit certain metabolic processes for their maintenance and survival. One of these processes is autophagy, which generally helps in energy homeostasis but when hijacked by CSCs can help maintain their stemness. Thus, it is often referred as an Achilles heel in CSCs, a

Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the

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… This process leads to the aggregation of these viruses, ultimately aiding in the containment and eradication of the pathogens. 239 , 240 Furthermore, antimicrobial proteins such as MPO, cathelicidins, and α-defensin are attached to the chromatin backbone of NETs. 241 , 242 These proteins have demonstrated …

Immunosenescence and the Geriatric Giants: Molecular Insights into Aging and Healthspan.

Aging is associated with complex immune dysfunction that contributes to the onset and progression of the "geriatric giants", including frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline, falls, and incontinence. Central to these conditions is immunosenescence, marked by thymic involution, the loss of naïve T cells, T-cell exhaustion, impaired B-cell class switch recombination, and increased autoreactivity. Concurrently, innate immunity deteriorates due to macrophage, neutrophil, and NK cell dysfunction, while chronic low-grade inflammation-or "inflammaging"-amplifies systemic decline. Key molecular pathwa

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… The diminished release of antimicrobial peptides, including defensins and cathelicidins, further weakens pathogen neutralization. …

Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in kidney disease: molecular mechanisms, pathogenic roles, and emerging small-molecule therapeutics.

Inflammatory responses represent a core pathological process driving the progression of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. As a key effector of the innate immune system, the NLRP3 inflammasome is widely activated in renal resident cellsand infiltrating immune cells, positioning it as a critical nexus linking metabolic dysregulation, cellular stress, and tissue injury. Accumulating preclinical and clinical evidence in recent years demonstrates that aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome directly promotes glomerular damage, tubulointerstitial inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular dysf

Acute Pneumonia

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… Airway surface liquid contains lysozyme, lactoferrin, and secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor, all of which possess microbicidal activity. 8 Respiratory epithelial cells produce other potent antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidins and β-defensins. …

The cGAS-STING pathway in senescence and aging-related diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.

The cGAS-STING pathway acts as a critical molecular hub connecting genomic instability with cellular senescence. Functioning as a key regulator of the innate immune system, this pathway detects aberrant cytoplasmic DNA to activate downstream inflammatory responses, thereby playing a pivotal role in aging-related diseases. This review systematically explores the core mechanisms by which the cGAS-STING pathway regulates cellular senescence, emphasizing its role in triggering senescence through the recognition of DNA damage signals (e.g., oxidative stress, telomere dysfunction) and promoting para