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Iron overload is associated with increased susceptibility to pulmonary Pythium insidiosum infection in mice.

BACKGROUND: Pythium insidiosum is a fungus-like oomycete capable of causing disease with high mortality rates. Although pulmonary Pythium insidiosum infections are rare, they are associated with an extremely high fatality rate. The mechanisms underlying Pythium insidiosum infection remain unclear and may be associated with immune dysregulation or iron overload. Existing animal models do not adequately replicate the pathophysiological process of pulmonary invasive infection by Pythium insidiosum in humans. Therefore, this study aims to establish a murine model of pulmonary Pythium insidiosum in

Successful Management of Pythium insidiosum Keratitis Masquerading as Dematiaceous Fungal Keratitis in an Immunosuppressed Asian Male.

PURPOSE: To describe the first case of Pythium insidiosum keratitis masquerading as dematiaceous fungal keratitis in a seropositive male. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old seropositive male previously treated for acute retinal necrosis presented with pain and defective vision in the right eye following a mud injury 5 days back. Presenting visual acuity was hand movements close to the face. Ocular examination revealed a 7 × 7 mm dense, greyish-white mid stromal infiltrate with pigmentation and few tentacles. The clinical diagnosis suggested fungal keratitis. Corneal scraping on 10% KOH and Gram stai

Dual infection with Pythium insidiosum and Blastomyces dermatitidis in a dog.

A 4-year-old male neutered Labrador Retriever with severe gastrointestinal signs, but no respiratory signs, was diagnosed with multifocal pyogranulomatous gastritis, enteritis, and lymphadenitis with intralesional hyphae and multifocal pyogranulomatous pneumonia with intralesional yeast. Based on cytologic evaluation, histologic examination with special stains, and immunohistochemical analysis of tissues collected antemortem or at necropsy, dual infections with Pythium insidiosum and Blastomyces dermatitidis were detected and are reported for the first time.

Neoplastic and non-neoplastic swellings of the external genitalia in horses and donkeys: clinical, histopathological, and treatment outcomes.

AIM: External genitalia swellings represent diagnostic and treatment challenges in equids. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the cli … ous cell carcinoma (9.33%), sarcoid (14.67%), and melanoma (8.00%). The inflammatory forms included pythiosis (9.33%), balanitis (4.00%), posthitis (5.33%), balanoposthitis (6.67%), penile hematoma (2.67%), preputial hematoma (4.00%), orchitis (4.00%), vaginal hyperplasia (1.33%), and vulvitis (2.67%). The non-inflammatory forms involved Bartholin gland cys …

Analysis and spatiotemporal distribution of infectious disease early warning signals during a major flooding event: New South Wales and Queensland 2022 floods.

OBJECTIVES: Floods and climate-related events are associated with increased risk of certain infectious diseases. Japanese encephalitis virus … ntly appeared in areas with increased rainfall mid and post-flood. Acute gastroenteritis in humans, pythiosis in animals and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in humans and animals appeared to temporally and spatially align with high rainwater levels. CONCLUSION: OSINT-generated signals of disease in animals and humans appeared to associate with flooding a …

Clinical profile of pythium keratitis: perioperative measures to reduce risk of recurrence.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical profile and role of perioperative adjunctive measures to reduce the risk of recurrence in Pythium insidiosum keratitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 10 eyes of 10 patients with P. insidiosum keratitis. Diagnosis was confirmed by PCR DNA sequencing. RESULTS: 7out of 10 patients were from urban locales, and none had any obvious history of injury with vegetative matter and were being treated for fungal keratitis. 6 eyes presented with central full thickness infiltrates with subepithelial and superficial stromal infiltrates radiating in a reticular pattern.

Cutaneous Lagenidium deciduum infection in a patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia.

BACKGROUND: Lagenidium deciduum is an oomycete that can cause infections in mammals that present similarly to pythiosis and mucormycosis. Most of the existing case reports have occurred in canines and have been fatal. In animals, medical therapy has not been successful, so surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. Lagenidium sp. infections in humans are rare. There is only one case of a human Lagenidium sp. infection in the literature, and it presented as an ocular infection. The human ocular infection was resistant to medical therapy and required a penetrating keratoplasty for cure. Add…

Long-term follow-up after successful treatment of Pythium insidiosum keratitis in Israel.

The purpose of this project is to report a case of severe Pythium insidiosum keratitis confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its long-term cure after therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty. A 24-year-old woman with a history of contact lens wear and exposure to swimming pool water presented with a severe corneal abscess. She was treated with intensive fortified topical antibiotics and natamycin with limited response. Initial cultures suggested the presence of a septate mold, unclearly identified; therefore, both topical and intravenous voriconazole were administered. Despite the abov

Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of Pythium insidiosum causing human corneal ulcer.

Pythium insidiosum belongs to the Oomycetes, which are known to cause serious life-threatening infectious condition in humans and animals. Corneal infections caused by P. insidiosum are rare and difficult to treat. The molecular-based diagnosis of Pythium is employed for the species identification and to study molecular phylogenetic relationship. Based on Cytochrome oxidase II (cox II) gene, P. insidiosum is categorized into three clades or groups: Clade-I or ATH (American strains), Clade-II or BTH (American, Asian, and Australian strains), and Clade-III or CTH (mostly Thailand strains). This

Clinical profile, risk factors and outcome of medical, surgical and adjunct interventions in patients with Pythiuminsidiosum keratitis.

PURPOSE: To report clinical profile and compare management options for Pythium keratitis. METHOD: Retrospective interventional study of 46 patients diagnosed as Pythium keratitis by PCR DNA sequencing from January 2014 to July 2017. Interventions were categorised into medical management (MM) (topical azithromycin and linezolid with oral azithromycin at presentation), surgery (S) (therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty, TPK), surgical adjunct (SA) (cryotherapy±alcohol with TPK) and medical adjunct (MA) (MM after TPK). RESULTS: Primary treatment included MM (1 eye), SA (3 eyes) and S (42 eyes).

Outcomes of keratoplasty in a cohort of Pythium insidiosum keratitis cases at a tertiary eye care center in India.

PURPOSE: To assess outcomes of keratoplasty performed in patients diagnosed with keratitis caused by Pythium insidiosum (PI). DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Preoperative, intra operative and post operative data of patients diagnosed with PI keratitis and who underwent keratoplasty for their condition from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected from the central patient database of a tertiary eye care hospital in India. The data were analyzed for anatomic success, elimination of infection, graft survival, incidence of repeat keratoplasty, final visual acuity and varied complicati

Pythium insidiosum keratitis: clinical profile and role of DNA sequencing and zoospore formation in diagnosis.

PURPOSE: To report the molecular and microbiological diagnosis and clinical profile of 13 patients with Pythium insidiosum keratitis. METHODS: Phase 1 of the study consisted of DNA sequencing of the ITS region of the rDNA of 162 stocked morphologically unidentified nonconsecutive fungal isolates from corneal scraping of patients with keratitis (2010-2012). Blast and phylogenetic analyses of the sequences showed 9 to be P. insidiosum. A retrospective review of archived photographs of colony and direct microscopy of corneal scrapings and clinical records of the cases were performed. Phase 2 beg

Outbreak of Pythium keratitis during rainy season: a case series.

PURPOSE: To describe typical clinical and laboratory characteristics of severe fungal keratitis caused by Pythium insidiosum during the rainy season in Northeast Thailand and to report the efficacy of P. insidiosum vaccine in the treatment of Pythium keratitis. METHODS: A series of hospital-based consecutive cases of Pythium keratitis were diagnosed and treated at Srinagarind Hospital (Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand). The clinical presentations, diagnostic tests, and management are described. RESULTS: Severe fungal keratitis caused by P. insidiosum was diagnosed in 5 eyes of 4 pat

Biological implant-associated granulomatous inflammation resulting in secondary hypercalcemia and azotemia in a dog.

Implant associated granulomatous inflammation causing hypercalcemia can occur following use of commercial xenogeneic pericardial tissue patches in dogs. Removal of the implant can result in resolution of the hypercalcemia, suggesting a causal relationship between the tissue reaction to a xenogeneic implant and development of hypercalcemia.

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… Hypercalcemia associated with gastric pythiosis in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol. 2008;37:115‐120. 31. Freeman KS, Miller MD, Breitschwerdt EB, et al. Leishmaniasis in a dog native to Colorado. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010;237:1288‐1291. 32. Dow SW, Legendre AM, Stiff M, et al. …

Integumentary System

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… Palisading granulomas are characterized by the alignment of histiocytes, such as staves around a central focus of collagen degeneration (feline, canine, and equine eosinophilic granuloma; equine mastocytoma); parasite or fungus (habronemiasis, pythiosis, conidiobolomycosis, basidiobolomycosis, demodicosis …

Canine Subcutaneous Zygomycosis Caused by Conidiobolus sp.: A Case Report and Review of Conidiobolus Infections in other Species.

Résumé- Un chien, jeune adulte, a été présenté pour une masse sous-cutanée évoluant depuis un mois sur la partie droite du thorax et une mas … the features of cutaneous Conidiobolus sp. infection is given and comparative features of cutaneous pythiosis are presented.

Р

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… paralagenidiosis a cutaneous oomycete infection of dogs in the southeastern US caused by Paralagenidium karlingii; similar in clinical appearance to cutaneous pythiosis; solitary or multiple nodules, thickenings or ulcers in the skin are slowly progressive over years and rarely extend deeper than the …

10th Trends in Medical Mycology Held on 8 to 11 October 2021, Aberdeen, Scotland, Organized by the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM).

Plenary Sessions: [...].