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Advances in the understanding and therapeutic manipulation of cancer immune responsiveness: a Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) review.

Cancer immunotherapy-including immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT)-has become a standard, potentially curative treatment for a subset of advanced solid and liquid tumors. However, most patients with cancer do not benefit from the rapidly evolving improvements in the understanding of principal mechanisms determining cancer immune responsiveness (CIR); including patient-specific genetically determined and acquired factors, as well as intrinsic cancer cell biology. Though CIR is multifactorial, fundamental concepts are emerging that should be considered for the desi

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… The impact of socioeconomic status on survival after cancer in the United States: findings from the National Program of Cancer Registries Patterns of Care Study. Cancer. 2008;113:582–91. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23567. 139. Cortellini A, Tucci M, Adamo V, et al. …

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals.

BackgroundFalls in care facilities and hospitals are common events that cause considerable morbidity and mortality for older people. This is an update of a review first published in 2010 and updated in 2012.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of interventions designed to reduce the incidence of falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals.Search methodsWe searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group Specialised Register (August 2017); Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2017, Issue 8); and MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL and trial registers to August 2017.Selection crite

Vegetable Gardening and Health Outcomes in Older Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Cancer survivors experience accelerated functional decline that threatens independence and quality of life. Previous studies have suggested that vegetable gardening may improve diet, physical activity, and physical function in this vulnerable population, which comprises more than 5% of the US population. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether diet, physical activity and functioning, and other outcomes improved in older cancer survivors assigned to a vegetable gardening intervention compared with a waitlist. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From May 11, 2016, to May 2, 2022, a 2-arm, asse

Inflammation and Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.

Inflammation is a core pathological factor regulating tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance, and elucidating its molecular crosstalk with tumors is crucial for developing effective clinical therapies. Internal drivers of inflammation-tumor transformation include genomic disorder, epigenetic memory, mitochondrial stress, and metabolic reprogramming, which synergistically initiate carcinogenesis. External factors amplifying tumor progression cover immune dysfunction, stromal fibrosis, microbial dysbiosis, vascular neoplasia, and neurotoxicity, collectively accelerating tumor

Изучение последствий трансплантации гематопоиетических клеток: 18- годовое исследование посттрансплантационных новообразований.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Улучшается трансплантация стволовых клеток после гематотипии (ХХТ) с увеличением числа выживших жертв. Особую озабоченность вызывают последующие новообразования (СН) в связи с ПЗТ. МЕТОДЫ: С января 2003 и декабрь 2022, учетные записи получателей ВСТ были ретроспективно проанализированы. Результаты: на медианной основе 108 месяцев (дальность, 0.13-215), 2659 Пациенты получали ТХТ. Из них 1131 (В тыс.43%) были <18 ..старше. Аллогенетические ЦХТ были проведены в 1476 (В тыс.56%) пациентов. Myeloablatory (MAC) была использована в 2157 (В тыс.81%) и 583(В тыс.22%) получил TBI. При медиане

Цитомегаловирус возрождается под упреждающей терапией после пересадки стволовых клеток аллогенной гематополией: структура, выживание и факторы риска в Республике Корея.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Для ретрансплантации цитомегаловируса (CMV) использовалась упреждающая терапия при трансплантации стволовых клеток с использованием аллогенетической гематополиетической гемоглобы (алло-HSCT). Неясно, имеет ли эта стратегия более низкие клинические результаты в районах, эндемичных для ВИЧ, и требуется ли более агрессивная профилактика. МЕТОДЫ: Мы ретроспективно проанализировали модели и выживаемость после возобновления КМВ у пациентов, проходящих упреждающую терапию после алло-ХСХТ, и провели оценку пациентов с высокой степенью риска, которые могли бы извлечь пользу из агрессивной про

Circulating biomarkers in diagnosis and management of cardiac amyloidosis: a review for internist.

Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is due to extracellular myocardial deposition of misfolded proteins resulting in severe cardiac dysfunction and death. The precursors of amyloid fibrils, able of determining a relevant cardiac infiltration, are immunoglobulin-free light chains (AL amyloidosis) and transthyretin (TTR) (both wild and mutated types). The diagnosis of amyloidosis represents a challenge for the clinician given its rarity and its protean clinical presentation, thus an early diagnosis remains a cornerstone for the prognosis of these patients, also in light of the growing available treatments.

Stereotactic Body radiotherapy and pedicLE screw fixatioN During one hospital visit for patients with symptomatic unstable spinal metastases: a randomized trial (BLEND RCT) using the Trials within Cohorts (TwiCs) design.

BackgroundSpinal metastases can lead to unremitting pain and neurological deficits, which substantially impair daily functioning and quality of life. Patients with unstable spinal metastases receive surgical stabilization followed by palliative radiotherapy as soon as wound healing allows. The time between surgery and radiotherapy delays improvement of mobility, radiotherapy-induced pain relief, local tumor control, and restart of systemic oncological therapy. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) enables delivery of preoperative high-dose radiotherapy while dose-sparing the surgical field, al

The added value of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients with advanced breast cancer.

This study investigates the impact of whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) in addition to CT of chest-abdomen-pelvis (CT-CAP) and 18F-FDG PET/CT (PET/CT) on systemic treatment decisions in standard clinical practice for patients with advanced breast cancer (ABC). WB-MRI examinations in ABC patients were extracted from our WB-MRI registry (2009-2017). Patients under systemic treatment who underwent WB-MRI and a control examination (CT-CAP or PET/CT) were included. Data regarding progressive disease (PD) reported either on WB-MRI or on the control examinations were collected. Data regarding eventual change i

Mucositis and Infection in Hematology Patients.

Survival in patients with hematological malignancies has improved over the years, both due to major developments in anticancer treatment, as well as in supportive care. Nevertheless, important and debilitating complications of intensive treatment regimens still frequently occur, including mucositis, fever and bloodstream infections. Exploring potential interacting mechanisms and directed therapies to counteract mucosal barrier injury is of the utmost importance if we are to continue to improve care for this increasingly growing patient population. In this perspective, I highlight recent advanc

Healing Environments for Cancer Care: Toward a Patient-Centered Design Guideline for Inpatient Settings.

ObjectivesThis study proposes an evidence-based design guideline for oncology inpatient rooms that addresses the physical, emotional, and psychosocial needs of cancer patients.BackgroundCancer inpatients frequently experience long hospital stays with emotional vulnerability and clinical stress. Growing evidence suggests environmental design can shape patient experience, comfort, and recovery. Yet, current literature lacks an integrated framework for the spatial and sensory needs of this population.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted across Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. Fro

ESA, Iron Therapy and New Drugs: Are There New Perspectives in the Treatment of Anaemia?

Anemia is a well-known consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD); it is mainly due to a relative insufficiency of erythropoietin synthesis by the failing kidneys. Over the years, the combination of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) and iron has become the standard of care of anemia. All ESAs effectively increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels in a substantial percentage of patients. However, in the last decade, their use has been surrounded by safety issues in increased cardiovascular risk, especially when used at high doses in inflamed and hyporesponsive patients. This has led to the definiti

Ready for Repair? Gene Editing Enters the Clinic for the Treatment of Human Disease.

We present an overview of clinical trials involving gene editing using clustered interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), or zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and discuss the underlying mechanisms. In cancer immunotherapy, gene editing is applied ex vivo in T cells, transgenic T cell receptor (tTCR)-T cells, or chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells to improve adoptive cell therapy for multiple cancer types. This involves knockouts of immune checkpoint regulators such as PD-1, components of the endo

Understanding Rare Anemias: Emerging Frontiers for Diagnosis and Treatment.

Background-This review provides a comprehensive overview of rare anemias, emphasizing their hereditary and acquired causes, diagnostic advancements, and evolving treatment strategies. It outlines the significance of rare anemias within public health, historical challenges in recognition and treatment, and the role of European initiatives like ENERCA and EuroBloodNet in advancing care. Content-This document discusses diagnostic technologies like next-generation sequencing and the impact of artificial intelligence, alongside the promising avenues of gene therapy, targeted drug treatments, and st

Recognition and management of persistent chylomicronemia: A Joint Expert Clinical Consensus by the National Lipid Association and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology.

Extreme hypertriglyceridemia, defined as triglyceride (TG) levels ≥1000 mg/dL, is almost always indicative of chylomicronemia. The current diagnostic approach categorizes individuals with chylomicronemia into familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS; prevalence 1-10 per million), caused by the biallelic combination of pathogenic variants that impair the lipolytic action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS, 1 in 500). A pragmatic framework should emphasize the severity of the phenotype and the risk of complications. Therefore, we endorse the term "persiste

Global, regional and national epidemiological trends of multiple myeloma from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) is a growing global public health challenge. Known epidemiological data suggest that MM accounts for approximately 10% of all hematologic malignancies and remains the second most common hematologic cancer worldwide. This study utilized data from the 2021 Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) study to evaluate the prevalence, incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and attributable risk factors of MM from 1990 to 2021, and to project future trends for the next 15 years.MethodsGBD 2021 data were analyzed to assess MM's global burden using four key

Hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation: current situation and challenges.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) stands as a cornerstone in the treatment of hematological malignancies, recognized for its remarkable efficacy. However, the persistent challenge of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) continues to represent a significant barrier, often being the leading cause of nonrelapse mortality after allo-HSCT. To address this limitation, hematopoietic stem cell microtransplantation (MST) has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that synergistically combines chemotherapy, allo-HSCT, and cellular immunotherapy. This innovative approach is desi

Качество жизни, связанное со здоровьем, и финансовая токсичность для китайских пациентов с множественной миеломой: a two- В реальном мире многоцентральное исследование.

Введение новых терапевтических агентов изменило условия лечения и значительно улучшило показатели выживания пациентов с множественной миеломой (ММ). Однако воздействие этих достижений на качество жизни, связанное со здоровьем (HRQOL), и финансовую токсичность в реальных условиях еще недостаточно изучено. Цель этого исследования заключалась в исследовании HRQoL и финансовой токсичности для китайских пациентов с MM в эпоху новых агентов. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе этого продольного, многоцентрального, реального исследования данные от китайских пациентов с MM были собраны в период с марта 2021 и июль 2023. H

Do people with disabilities experience disparities in cancer care? A systematic review.

BackgroundOver 1.3 billion people, or 16% of the world's population, live with some form of disability. Recent studies have reported that people with disabilities (PwD) might not be receiving state-of-the-art treatment for cancer as their non-disabled peers; our objective was to systematically review this topic.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken to compare cancer outcomes and quality of cancer care between adults with and without disabilities (NIHR Prospero register ID number: CRD42022281506). A search of the literature was performed in July 2022 across five databases: EMBASE, Medline,

Abstracts - IANCON 2024

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