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Anticipation of deteriorating health and information avoidance.

We integrate anticipatory utility and endogenous beliefs about future negative health shocks into a life-cycle model of physiological aging. Individuals care about their future utility derived from their health status and form endogenous beliefs about the probability of a negative health shock. We calibrate the model with data from gerontology and use the model to predict medical testing decisions of individuals. We find that anticipation in combination with endogenous beliefs provides a quantitatively strong motive to avoid medical testing for Huntington's disease, which explains the low test

Is panic disorder linked to cognitive avoidance of threatening information?

We used a directed-forgetting paradigm to investigate whether panic disorder patients cognitively avoid threatening information. To determine if hemispheric laterality predicts processing biases in this paradigm, we used dichotic listening methods to ascertain participants' auditory perceptual asymmetry (PA). Panic disorder patients and healthy control participants viewed a series of intermixed threat, positive, and neutral words, each followed by an instruction to either remember the word or forget it. They then performed free recall and recognition tests for all words, irrespective of initia

Behavior as information: "If I avoid, then there must be a danger".

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cognitive models of anxiety disorders view safety-seeking behaviors (i.e., avoidance, washing, etc.) as playing a crucial role in the maintenance of irrational fear. An explanation of how these behaviors may contribute to the maintenance of unrealistic beliefs is that patients use their safety behaviors as a source of information about the situation (behavior as information): the behavior is clear evidence of the danger. This study investigates whether, relative to non-clinical control participants, anxious participants actually infer danger on the basis of their saf

Information avoidance is associated with lower willingness to be screened for dementia.

BackgroundFear of developing Alzheimer's disease and other dementias could motivate defensive responses to dementia information, including public health messaging, and reduce willingness to undergo screening or diagnostic testing for the disease.ObjectiveWe sought to assess the pervasiveness of dementia information avoidance and test whether it is associated with lower willingness to be screened for dementia. We also tested whether lower generalized self-efficacy is associated with higher dementia information avoidance, as the former might be a point of intervention for decreasing defensive in…

Prevalence and predictors of medical information avoidance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Medical information avoidance-the prevention or delay of acquiring health-related information-is a growing concern for physicians, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Yet, its prevalence and predictors have remained poorly understood. PURPOSE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence and predictors of medical information avoidance, offering key insights into the worldwide empirical evidence. METHODS: We performed a systematic search, preregistered on the OSF and in accordance with PRISMA and MOOSE reporting guidelines. Additional indivi…

The effects of verbal information and approach-avoidance training on children's fear-related responses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study examined the effects of verbal information and approach-avoidance training on fear-related cognitive and behavioural responses about novel animals. METHODS: One hundred and sixty children (7-11 years) were randomly allocated to receive: a) positive verbal information about one novel animal and threat information about a second novel animal (verbal information condition); b) approach-avoidance training in which they repeatedly pushed away (avoid) or pulled closer (approach) pictures of the animals (approach-avoidance training), c) a combined condition in w

Healthcare Information Avoidance in the Context of Caring for a Child with a Serious Illness.

Caregivers of a child with a serious medical condition are often confronted with difficult and stressful medical information. While they commonly seek out health-related information to better care for their child and help with their decision-making, sometimes caregivers engage in healthcare information avoidance. Healthcare information avoidance is the decision to prevent or delay the acquisition of available, but potentially unwanted, health-related information. We begin by defining the construct of healthcare information avoidance and exploring key theoretical frameworks that illuminate its …

Avoidance: Exposure Therapy Informed Communication for Serious Illness Care.

Patients facing serious illness may respond to distressing medical information with avoidance or denial, limiting their ability to engage in values-based decision-making. Exposure therapy-an evidence-based psychological treatment for anxiety disorders-offers conceptual tools that can inform communication and therapeutic approaches with patients who struggle with avoidance in the context of serious illness. This article describes the care of a patient with advanced cancer who declined prognostic and hospice conversations due to death-related anxiety. Drawing on core exposure therapy principles-

Internalized Colorism as a Gendered Barrier to Skin Cancer Information Avoidance Among Hispanic College Students.

Skin cancer disparities persist among racial and ethnic minority populations, yet sociocultural factors shaping engagement with preventive health information remain understudied. This study examines whether internalized colorism functions as a barrier to skin cancer information avoidance among Hispanic college students and whether these associations differ by sex. Using survey data from 300 undergraduates at a Hispanic-serving institution, hierarchical regression analyses examined how three dimensions of colorism, including self-concept, attractiveness, and upward mobility, were associated wit…

Reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information: a mixed-methods study.

OBJECTIVE: With screening, colorectal cancer can be detected when treatable, or even prevented. However, approximately one in five people tend to avoid colorectal cancer information, and avoidance is associated with being less likely to have been screened for the disease. Crucial to developing strategies to reduce information avoidance, we sought a comprehensive understanding of reasons people avoid colorectal cancer information. METHODS AND MEASURES: In a mixed methods study, we surveyed 200 participants who varied with respect to avoidance and interviewed 15 people who tended to avoid color…

The Role of Informative and Ambiguous Feedback in Avoidance Behavior: Empirical and Computational Findings.

Avoidance behavior is a critical component of many psychiatric disorders, and as such, it is important to understand how avoidance behavior arises, and whether it can be modified. In this study, we used empirical and computational methods to assess the role of informational feedback and ambiguous outcome in avoidance behavior. We adapted a computer-based probabilistic classification learning task, which includes positive, negative and no-feedback outcomes; the latter outcome is ambiguous as it might signal either a successful outcome (missed punishment) or a failure (missed reward). Prior work

Fear-Avoidance and Overactive Bladder: Toward a Mechanism-Informed Model of Care.

AIMS: Overactive bladder (OAB) is associated with substantial psychological burden, yet existing biopsychosocial frameworks acknowledge that psychological factors shape outcomes without explaining the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms through which that influence operates. This paper aimed to propose the fear-avoidance as a missing explanatory framework for OAB symptom maintenance, and to introduce a phenotyping model for clinical application. METHODS: We synthesized literature on fear-avoidance theory, cognitive appraisal and coping, and OAB epidemiology and psychosocial burden to construc

Избежание распространения информации о здоровье и грамотность в области электронного здравоохранения у пациентов с множественным склерозом: перекрестное корреляционное исследование.

ИСТОРИЯ ВОПРОСА И АИСЮ: Избежание информации означает преднамеренное уклонение или задержку доступа к свободно доступной, но нежелательной информации, а грамотность в области электронного здравоохранения означает способность людей понимать, оценивать, находить и использовать медицинские знания, полученные из электронных источников. Цель настоящего исследования состоит в том, чтобы изучить уровень распространения медицинской информации и грамотности в области электронного здравоохранения среди пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) в провинции Фарс, Иран, а также их взаимосвязь друг с другом.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Information avoidance refers to deliberately evading or delaying access to freely accessible but undesired information, and eHealth literacy refers to people's capability to comprehend, assess, find, and use health knowledge derived from electronic sources. The present study aims to investigate the health information avoidance and eHealt…

Temporal dynamics of costly avoidance in naturalistic fears: Evidence for sequential-sampling of fear and reward information.

Excessive avoidance is characteristic for anxiety disorders, even when approach would lead to positive outcomes. The process of how such approach-avoidance conflicts are resolved is not sufficiently understood. We examined the temporal dynamics of approach-avoidance in intense fear of spiders. Highly fearful and non-fearful participants chose repeatedly between a fixed no spider/low reward and a spider/high reward option with varying fear (probability of spider presentation) and reward information (reward magnitude). By sequentially presenting fear and reward information, we distinguished whet

Research on the Process and Influencing Factors of Online Diabetes Information Users' Avoidance Behavior: A Qualitative Study.

Users' avoidance behavior of health information has received growing attention recently, but research into users' avoidance behavior of diabetes information remains limited. This paper aims to reveal the process and the factors of avoiding online diabetes information. The interview, conducted with the critical incident technique, and the diary methods were used to collect 40 true incidents of online diabetes information avoidance from 17 participants. Based on the thematic analysis method and grounded theory, the data were analyzed to identify the key phases of the avoidance process and obtain…

Quantifying Fear Avoidance Behaviors in People With Concussion: A COSMIN-Informed Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: The validity of existing fear avoidance behavior patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for concussion is unknown. This study aims to (1) identify PROMs that assess fear avoidance behavior in individuals with concussion and (2) assess the measurement properties of these PROMs. DESIGN: A systematic review of outcome measurement instruments using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. LITERATURE SEARCH: We performed a systematic search of 7 databases. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were included if they assessed fear

Informant discrepancies in adolescent anxiety assessment: The roles of adolescent depression and school avoidance.

When assessing adolescent psychopathology, discrepancies in adolescent self-report versus caregiver informant-report scores on symptom measures are typical. As anxiety is the most common mental health concern among adolescents, understanding variables associated with adolescent-caregiver informant discrepancies on anxiety measures is valuable for assessment and treatment planning. However, although anxiety often co-occurs with other problems, no existing work has examined how other common emotional/behavioral problems (i.e., depression, school avoidance) among adolescents moderate the magnitud

Determinants of information security policy compliance: integrating task-technology fit and threat avoidance appraisals in the digital workplace.

INTRODUCTION: The integrity of organizational information systems fundamentally relies on the psychological commitment of users to adhere to security protocols. Informational security policy (ISP) depends on users' compliance to protect their organization's information and technology assets against security threats. METHODS: Drawing on the intersection of cognitive and behavioral psychology, this study examines information security policy compliance (ISPC) behavior by integrating the Task-Technology Fit (TTF) model, technology threat avoidance theory (TTAT), and the Theory of Planned Behavior

Understanding lead in water and avoidance strategies: a United States perspective for informed decision-making.

The pervasiveness of lead in drinking water poses a significant public health threat, which can be reduced by implementing preventive measures. However, the causes of elevated lead in water and the benefits of lead in water avoidance strategies are often misunderstood. Based on experiences in the United States, this paper describes an oversimplified 'lead in water equation' to explain key variables controlling the presence of lead in drinking water to better inform public health practitioners, government officials, utility personnel, and concerned residents. We illustrate the application of th

Brief video interventions increase screening intentions in people who avoid colorectal cancer information.

OBJECTIVE: Health information avoidance is a critical barrier to reaching people with health messaging and, ultimately, decreases population-level uptake of life-saving prevention behaviors such as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We conducted a preregistered double-blinded experiment testing the efficacy of brief narrative video interventions designed to promote CRC screening by mitigating either of two known causes of health information avoidance: low self-efficacy and low perceived control over health outcomes. METHOD: Participants (N = 776, 45-75 years, not adherent to CRC screening, no…