Selective IgA deficiency and allergic diseases: Clinical and immunological evaluation.

PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate allergic sensitization and associated factors in pediatric patients with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) and to evaluate differences between allergic and nonallergic groups.

METHODS

We analyzed 110 patients (aged 4-18 years) diagnosed with SIgAD at Çam and Sakura City Hospitals, Istanbul, between 2021 and 2024. Their demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were assessed.

RESULTS

Allergic sensitization was detected in 62.7% of patients. Patients with allergic sensitization, family history of allergic diseases, eosinophilia, and elevated total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Immunglobulin M (IgM) levels were higher in the allergic group (P = 0.01), and they had lower neutrophil counts (P = 0.03). Allergic sensitization was lower in patients with autoimmune diseases (P = 0.03). In 60% of the patients, the main reason for presentation was recurrent infection.

CONCLUSION

Allergic sensitization with SIgAD is associated with genetic and immunological factors. A family history of allergic disease, eosinophilia, and elevated total IgE levels are important markers for the development of allergy. These findings highlight the need to closely monitor allergies in people with SIgAD.