Imported SARS-CoV-2 Infections at N'djili International Airport in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: An Epidemiological and Genomic Analysis.

BACKGROUND

During the COVID-19 pandemic, international border restrictions, along with traveler screening and quarantine, were implemented to limit virus spread. This study analyzes the epidemiological and genomic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infections imported into Kinshasa (DRC) during the restrictions period in 2021.

METHODS

As part of the national response to the pandemic, self-reported demographic and clinical data were collected from travelers entering the DRC via N'djili-Kinshasa International Airport. SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed using RT-PCR, and positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) to determine variant types and viral lineages. The impact of the virus's genomic profile on the clinical presentation of travelers and on the COVID-19 epidemiology in the DRC was then assessed.

RESULTS

Of 102,810 included travelers, 1037 (1.0%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and reported significantly more nausea, diarrhea, and weight loss than uninfected travelers (p < 0.001). SARS-Cov-2-infected travelers were predominantly under 43 years old (p < 0.001) and primarily from France (24.8%) and Belgium (19.5%). Of the 105 WGS analyzed, 86 (81.9%) were variants of concern (VOCs), 14 (13.3%) were variants under monitoring (VUM), and the main genomic lineages identified were Delta-B.1.617.2 (24.8%), Alpha-B.1.1.7 (10.5%), Delta-AY.122 (7.6%), and B.1.620 (5.7%). The Delta-VOC was the most prevalent among positive travelers (61/86) and appeared to cause more symptomatic infections than non-Delta variants, although one-third of positive travelers reported no symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

SARS-CoV-2 importation into Kinshasa (DRC) mirrored global variant circulation patterns at the study's time. This genomic landscape was consistent with in-country clinical observations, emphasizing the importance of robust border surveillance and adaptive public health strategies during pandemics.