Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2026
Source-level EEG dysconnectivity in drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder: Bridging neural oscillations with potential neuroelectrophysiological markers.
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Bao Ciqing, Zou Haowen, Xia Yi, Zhang Qiaoyang, Chen Wubin, Wang Xiaoqin, Zhou Qi, Yao Zhijian, Lu Qing
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based source localization offers a new perspective for investigating the neurophysiological origins of functional connectivity (FC) disruptions in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aims to further elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in drug-naïve MDD patients and identify potential neuroelectrophysiological markers.
METHODS: This study enrolled a total of 247 participants, comprising 154 drug-naïve MDD patients and 93 healthy controls (HC) matched for sex and age. General demographic information was collected and scale assessments were conducted for all subjects. Resting-state EEG signals with eyes closed were recorded using a 64-channel EEG system. Brain activity was identified through source reconstruction, and FC in the δ, θ, α and β frequency bands was calculated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI). Network-based statistics (NBS) were employed to compare FC differences between the two groups across frequency bands, and correlations with clinical scale scores were further examined.
RESULTS: Compared with the HC group, the MDD group showed significantly reduced FC in the θ band within several brain regions, including the left medial superior frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, right putamen, right postcentral gyrus, and left thalamus. Lower θ band network connectivity was associated with higher levels of anhedonia. Furthermore, within the MDD group, local θ band FC was positively correlated with rumination and the number of depressive episodes, negatively correlated with the age of onset, and not correlated with the severity of anxiety or depression.
CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the growing evidence base for large-scale network dysfunction in MDD. The identified abnormalities may inform future efforts to establish clinically usable potential neuroelectrophysiological markers.
METHODS: This study enrolled a total of 247 participants, comprising 154 drug-naïve MDD patients and 93 healthy controls (HC) matched for sex and age. General demographic information was collected and scale assessments were conducted for all subjects. Resting-state EEG signals with eyes closed were recorded using a 64-channel EEG system. Brain activity was identified through source reconstruction, and FC in the δ, θ, α and β frequency bands was calculated using the weighted phase lag index (wPLI). Network-based statistics (NBS) were employed to compare FC differences between the two groups across frequency bands, and correlations with clinical scale scores were further examined.
RESULTS: Compared with the HC group, the MDD group showed significantly reduced FC in the θ band within several brain regions, including the left medial superior frontal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, right putamen, right postcentral gyrus, and left thalamus. Lower θ band network connectivity was associated with higher levels of anhedonia. Furthermore, within the MDD group, local θ band FC was positively correlated with rumination and the number of depressive episodes, negatively correlated with the age of onset, and not correlated with the severity of anxiety or depression.
CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the growing evidence base for large-scale network dysfunction in MDD. The identified abnormalities may inform future efforts to establish clinically usable potential neuroelectrophysiological markers.