Is Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder a Milder Form of Tourette Syndrome?
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Claudio-Campos Karla, Stevens Daniel, Koo Sang-Wahn, Valko Alexa, Bienvenu Oscar Joseph, Budman Cathy B, Cath Danielle C, Darrow Sabrina, Geller Daniel, Goes Fernando S, Grados Marco A, Greenberg Benjamin D, Greenberg Erica, Hirschtritt Matthew E, Illmann Cornelia, Ivankovic Franjo, King Robert A, Knowles James A, Krasnow Janice, Lee Paul C, Lyon Gholson J, McCracken James T, Robertson Mary M, Osiecki Lisa, Riddle Mark A, Rouleau Guy, Sandor Paul, Nestadt Gerald, Samuels Jack, Scharf Jeremiah M, Mathews Carol A, Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG) and the OCD Collaborative Genetics Association Study (OCGAS)
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, tic severity, age at tic onset, and family history for TS and PMVT.
METHODS: We analyzed data from two independent cohorts using generalized linear equations and confirmed our findings using meta-analyses, incorporating data from previously published literature.
RESULTS: Rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were lower in PMVT than in TS in all analyses. Other psychiatric comorbidities occurred with similar frequencies in PMVT and TS in both cohorts, although meta-analyses suggested lower rates of most psychiatric disorders in PMVT compared with TS. ADHD and OCD increased the odds of comorbid mood, anxiety, substance use, and disruptive behaviors, and accounted for observed differences between PMVT and TS. Age of tic onset was approximately 2 years later, and tic severity was lower in PMVT than in TS. First-degree relatives had elevated rates of TS, PMVT, OCD, and ADHD compared with population prevalences, with rates of TS equal to or greater than PMVT rates.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that PMVT and TS occur along a clinical spectrum in which TS is a more severe and PMVT a less severe manifestation of a continuous neurodevelopmental tic spectrum disorder. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.