Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: Current perspectives.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using verteporfin Visudyne®(Novartis International AG, Basel, Switzerland) is widely used to treat various chorio-retinal diseases. PDT targets choroidal vascular abnormalities and induces selective occlusion of vessels. PDT was originally used in combination with full-dose verteporfin to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Currently, the clinical targets of PDT have shifted to other chorioretinal conditions such as central serous chorioretinopathy, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and choroidal hemangioma. Clinical studies have also facilitated the optimization of treatment outcomes in choroidal hemangiomas through changes in protocols including the introduction of reduced treatment settings; such as PDT with half-dose verteporfin and half-fluence PDT. Here, we review various evolving trends in clinical application of PDT and its use for choroidal hemangiomas from a practical perspective.