Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025
Changing Trends in Paediatric Acute Respiratory Infections: Pre- and post-COVID-19 presenting to an emergency department in an academic tertiary hospital in Oman.
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K Alsarrai Al-Alawi Awatif, Alwahshi Aalia Adnan, Hazra Darpanarayan, Al Khalasi Usama, Al-Shibli Amal, Al Harrasi Azhaar, Iram Sumaira
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted seasonal paediatric respiratory infections due to widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions, sharply reducing viral circulation. This study aimed to compare paediatric viral acute respiratory infection (ARI) patterns and outcomes pre- and post-COVID-19 using hospital-based data from Oman.
METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman. Paediatric patients who underwent PCR testing for respiratory viruses before (December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and after (April 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023) the pandemic. Quantitative data is presented as means ± standard deviations and qualitative data as frequencies and percentages. Absolute/percentage changes replaced t-tests. Chi-square tests compared categorical variables and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounders.
RESULTS: A total of 1,077 patients were analysed with 555 pre-COVID-19 and 522 post-COVID-19 cases (-5.95%). When comparing these two time periods, the number of children under 6 months decreased (24.7% to 17.8%; P = 0.0075), those aged 6-9 years increased (11.4% to 16.5%; P = 0.019), dyspnoea rose (25.4% to 40.6%; P <0.001), myalgia decreased (4.0% to 1.1%; P = 0.007), influenza A (8.8% to 16.3%; P <0.001) and coinfections (17.3% to 28.0%; P <0.001) increased while rhinovirus decreased (49.5% to 42.1%; P = 0.018) and adenovirus increased but not significantly (P = 0.059). Post-COVID-19, hospital admissions (P <0.001), ward stays (3.41 to 4.08 days; P = 0.029), oxygen use (P = 0.032) and the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use (P = 0.0004) as well as duration (3.81 to 5.71 days; P = 0.024) increased. Paediatric intensive care unit metrics showed no significant change. Older age reduced risk (P <0.001) and underlying conditions increased the odds of admission (P <0.001), oxygen (P = 0.006) and NIV use (P = 0.0019). Gender, coinfection and influenza A were not significant.
CONCLUSION: Post-COVID-19, paediatric ARIs worsened in severity and shifted in age distribution, with more influenza A and coinfections, demanding updated protocols and ongoing surveillance.
METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Paediatric Emergency Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital in Muscat, Oman. Paediatric patients who underwent PCR testing for respiratory viruses before (December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019) and after (April 1, 2022 to April 30, 2023) the pandemic. Quantitative data is presented as means ± standard deviations and qualitative data as frequencies and percentages. Absolute/percentage changes replaced t-tests. Chi-square tests compared categorical variables and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounders.
RESULTS: A total of 1,077 patients were analysed with 555 pre-COVID-19 and 522 post-COVID-19 cases (-5.95%). When comparing these two time periods, the number of children under 6 months decreased (24.7% to 17.8%; P = 0.0075), those aged 6-9 years increased (11.4% to 16.5%; P = 0.019), dyspnoea rose (25.4% to 40.6%; P <0.001), myalgia decreased (4.0% to 1.1%; P = 0.007), influenza A (8.8% to 16.3%; P <0.001) and coinfections (17.3% to 28.0%; P <0.001) increased while rhinovirus decreased (49.5% to 42.1%; P = 0.018) and adenovirus increased but not significantly (P = 0.059). Post-COVID-19, hospital admissions (P <0.001), ward stays (3.41 to 4.08 days; P = 0.029), oxygen use (P = 0.032) and the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) use (P = 0.0004) as well as duration (3.81 to 5.71 days; P = 0.024) increased. Paediatric intensive care unit metrics showed no significant change. Older age reduced risk (P <0.001) and underlying conditions increased the odds of admission (P <0.001), oxygen (P = 0.006) and NIV use (P = 0.0019). Gender, coinfection and influenza A were not significant.
CONCLUSION: Post-COVID-19, paediatric ARIs worsened in severity and shifted in age distribution, with more influenza A and coinfections, demanding updated protocols and ongoing surveillance.