What is the role of invasive monitoring procedures in the management of the critically ill?

In summary, therefore, to effectively apply invasive methods and beneficially use data derived from these procedures, it is essential that physicians have an understanding of the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease and power failure, and of other situations in cardiology including the management of the complex problems of the critically ill from a variety of causes. There should be an experience and proficiency in the techniques from the optimal application and use of invasive methods including direct arterial puncture and recording of arterial blood pressure, and the use of the Swan-Ganz catheter systems. This must be reinforced by continuous educational experiences and updating with the newer techiniques as they become available. All personnel concerned must have a knowledge of and respect for the complications inherent in any invasive procedure, particularly involving the vascular system. In addition, they must have the ability to translate the relative hemodynamic measurements into meaningful diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Under these circumstances, invasive methods have a major and valuable role to play in the management of all forms of critical illness.