[Non-surgical treatment is the inevitable way for the treatment of peri-implant diseases].

Peri-implant diseases are important but often overlooked diseases in the spectrum of oral diseases, mainly divided into peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Dental plaque accumulation is the initial factor for peri-implant diseases. Non-surgical treatment, which mainly involves removing dental plaque and local deposits such as calculus and residual adhesives from surface of the implant, is the primary treatment for peri-implant mucositis and the necessary step in the treatment of peri-implantitis. Non-surgical treatment methods for peri-implant diseases mainly include mechanical treatment, laser or photodynamic therapy, and drug therapy, or the combination of these methods. Mechanical treatment is the core measure of non-surgical treatment for peri-implant diseases. For patients of complex peri-implantitis, laser or photodynamic therapy as well as drug therapy can be considered as an adjunct to mechanical treatment. However, the evidence for adjunctive therapy is insufficient. For patients with moderate to severe peri-implantitis, it is recommended to remove the crown restoration before treatment to provide better access for instruments. Patients should be re-examined within 3 months after non-surgical treatment to assess whether the treatment endpoint has been reached. If the success criteria have not been met, patients with peri-implant mucositis need to repeat the non-surgical treatment, while those with peri-implantitis should proceed to surgical treatment timely.