Australian and New Zealand journal of public health · 2019
A cluster of acute rheumatic fever cases among Aboriginal Australians in a remote community with high baseline incidence.
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Francis Joshua R, Gargan Catherine, Remenyi Bo, Ralph Anna P, Draper Anthony, Holt Deborah, Krause Vicki, Hardie Kate
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: We report a cluster of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) cases and the public health response in a high-burden Australian setting.
METHODS: The public health unit was notified of an increase in ARF cases in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. A multi-disciplinary group coordinated the response. Household contacts were screened for ARF or group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection by questionnaire and swab collection, offered an echocardiogram if aged 5-20 years, and intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin if aged over one year or if less than one year with impetigo.
RESULTS: Fifteen definite and seven probable ARF cases were diagnosed in the community in July-December 2014 (all-age incidence of definite ARF: 1,473/100,000). The public health response identified two additional cases of ARF. A total of 81 contacts were screened; GAS was detected in 3/76 (4%) throat swabs and 11/24 (46%) skin swabs. Molecular typing revealed high GAS strain diversity.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ARF during this cluster was very high. Carriage and infection with GAS was observed, but no outbreak strain identified. Implications for public health: A national public health guideline has since been developed that includes advice on the investigation of an ARF outbreak/cluster. Sustained efforts with strong community engagement are required to tackle high ARF rates.
METHODS: The public health unit was notified of an increase in ARF cases in a remote Australian Aboriginal community. A multi-disciplinary group coordinated the response. Household contacts were screened for ARF or group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection by questionnaire and swab collection, offered an echocardiogram if aged 5-20 years, and intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin if aged over one year or if less than one year with impetigo.
RESULTS: Fifteen definite and seven probable ARF cases were diagnosed in the community in July-December 2014 (all-age incidence of definite ARF: 1,473/100,000). The public health response identified two additional cases of ARF. A total of 81 contacts were screened; GAS was detected in 3/76 (4%) throat swabs and 11/24 (46%) skin swabs. Molecular typing revealed high GAS strain diversity.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ARF during this cluster was very high. Carriage and infection with GAS was observed, but no outbreak strain identified. Implications for public health: A national public health guideline has since been developed that includes advice on the investigation of an ARF outbreak/cluster. Sustained efforts with strong community engagement are required to tackle high ARF rates.