Eye (London, England) · 2026
Dynamic relationship between axial length and crystalline lens during myopic refractive development in children: a 5-year cohort study.
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Zhang Zengrui, Mu Jingyu, Jiang Wei, Dai Yun, Duan Junguo
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic changes of ocular biometric parameters before and after the new-onset myopia (NOM).
METHODS: Based on a 5-year retrospective cohort study of 40,641 students aged 3-15 years, subjects were divided into persistent myopia (PM), NOM, and persistent non-myopia (PNM). Longitudinal changes in axial length (AL), lens power (LP), lens thickness (LT) were analysed.
RESULTS: AL increased steadily with age, with PM group significantly longer than PNM across all ages. In NOM groups, annual AL growth peaked approximately 1 year before myopia onset. LP and LT exhibited "U-shaped" developmental curves, reaching lowest values at ages 11-12 before gradually rising. PM showed significantly lower LP than PNM. In NOM groups, LP and LT change rates peaked before myopia onset, with maximum decreases occurring approximately 2 years prior. Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed an estimated peak LT change rate occurring approximately 1.59 years before myopia onset (95%CI: -1.85 to 1.36 years), preceding an estimated peak AL change rate (0.71 years pre-onset, 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.73 years) by about 1 year.
CONCLUSION: The temporal dissociation between peak LT and AL change rates may reflect failed lens compensation rather than active regulation, providing a reference observational window for detecting children approaching myopia onset.
METHODS: Based on a 5-year retrospective cohort study of 40,641 students aged 3-15 years, subjects were divided into persistent myopia (PM), NOM, and persistent non-myopia (PNM). Longitudinal changes in axial length (AL), lens power (LP), lens thickness (LT) were analysed.
RESULTS: AL increased steadily with age, with PM group significantly longer than PNM across all ages. In NOM groups, annual AL growth peaked approximately 1 year before myopia onset. LP and LT exhibited "U-shaped" developmental curves, reaching lowest values at ages 11-12 before gradually rising. PM showed significantly lower LP than PNM. In NOM groups, LP and LT change rates peaked before myopia onset, with maximum decreases occurring approximately 2 years prior. Linear mixed-effects model analysis revealed an estimated peak LT change rate occurring approximately 1.59 years before myopia onset (95%CI: -1.85 to 1.36 years), preceding an estimated peak AL change rate (0.71 years pre-onset, 95%CI: -0.68 to -0.73 years) by about 1 year.
CONCLUSION: The temporal dissociation between peak LT and AL change rates may reflect failed lens compensation rather than active regulation, providing a reference observational window for detecting children approaching myopia onset.