Lutein-loaded Pickering high internal phase emulsions stabilized by protein-polyphenol-polysaccharide self-assembled particles: Interfacial behavior, in vitro/in vivo stability and release.

This study aimed to encapsulate lutein in high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by quinoa protein isolate (QPI), tannic acid (TA), and high-methoxy pectin (HMP) particles at varying concentrations to address its low delivery efficiency and bioavailability. High concentrations (3%-4%) of QPI-TA-HMP particles demonstrated strong interfacial adsorption, forming thick viscoelastic films around oil droplets. These interfacial properties imparted controllable rheological behaviors, textural characteristics, and stable 3D-printing scaffolds to the lutein-loaded HIPEs, achieving an encapsulation efficiency of 81.65 ± 2.36%. In vitro tests indicated that HIPEs enhanced lutein's resistance to storage, heat, and UV exposure while facilitating sustained intestinal release, resulting in a lutein bioaccessibility of 43.73 ± 1.44%. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that the HIPEs delivery system maintained high lutein concentrations in the small intestine, cecum, and colon, thereby significantly enhancing lutein accumulation in systemic circulation. These findings provide new insights into enhancing lutein's stability, delivery performance, and bioavailability.