Veterinary medicine and science · 2026
Age- and Sex-Dependent Dynamics in Pituitary Thyrotroph and Thyroid Hormones in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius): A Histochemical Approach.
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Jaspal Shaukat Ali Shaukat, Shaukat Muhammad Mubashar, Shaukat Robina, Shaukat Tahmina, Khan Rifat Ullah, Naz Shabana, Perillo Antonella, Momand Naseer Khan, Alhidary Ibrahim A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and reproduction, yet its age- and sex-related dynamics in dromedary camels remain poorly understood.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate age- and sex-dependent variations in pituitary thyrotroph morphometry and thyroid hormone profiles in dromedary camels.
METHODS: A total of 90 clinically healthy Brela breed camels of both sexes (aged 2 to ≥11 years) were grouped based on age and physiological status (lactating and non-lactating). Pituitary tissues (n = 60) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing thyrotrophs. Morphometric parameters, including cell count, size, and nuclear dimensions, were measured. Plasma concentrations of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined using ELISA.
RESULTS: Thyrotroph cell counts did not differ significantly among groups. However, older camels (≥11 years) showed significantly increased cell and nuclear dimensions (p < 0.05). Plasma TSH levels decreased with age, with peak levels observed in females aged 5-10 years. T3 concentrations varied significantly with age and sex, with higher levels in younger males. T4 levels declined with age but were not significantly influenced by sex (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Thyrotroph morphology and thyroid hormone dynamics in dromedary camels are significantly influenced by age and sex, indicating adaptive modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in response to metabolic and reproductive demands.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate age- and sex-dependent variations in pituitary thyrotroph morphometry and thyroid hormone profiles in dromedary camels.
METHODS: A total of 90 clinically healthy Brela breed camels of both sexes (aged 2 to ≥11 years) were grouped based on age and physiological status (lactating and non-lactating). Pituitary tissues (n = 60) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)-producing thyrotrophs. Morphometric parameters, including cell count, size, and nuclear dimensions, were measured. Plasma concentrations of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were determined using ELISA.
RESULTS: Thyrotroph cell counts did not differ significantly among groups. However, older camels (≥11 years) showed significantly increased cell and nuclear dimensions (p < 0.05). Plasma TSH levels decreased with age, with peak levels observed in females aged 5-10 years. T3 concentrations varied significantly with age and sex, with higher levels in younger males. T4 levels declined with age but were not significantly influenced by sex (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Thyrotroph morphology and thyroid hormone dynamics in dromedary camels are significantly influenced by age and sex, indicating adaptive modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in response to metabolic and reproductive demands.