Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2025
Titanium surface modified with nanostructure mimicking the surface of natural cementum up-regulated epithelial expression of integrin β4 and enhanced the attachment of the transmucosal gingiva.
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Deng Zhaoming, Yu Lerong, Sun Yi, Kuang Yishen, Zhou Ziyao, Chen Mengyu, Li Xiangwei
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Biomimetic materials are increasingly used for tissue repair and regenerative medicine. However, in implant dentistry, especially in field focusing on the improvement of gingival adhesion and sealing, little has been reported so far. To be specific, it remains unclear whether biomimetic topography of the titanium surface mimicking natural cementum would have an enhancing effect on the gingival adhesion.
METHODS: In the present study, we characterized the topography of the deproteinized cementum and fabricated nanotubes on the titanium surface with features simulating natural cementum surface via electrochemical anodization. Then we cultured the human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on the modified surface to evaluate the biocompatibility and the effect on morphological changes of the cells. Besides, in vivo assay was performed to assess whether the modified surface of mini-implants would improve the gingival adhesion.
RESULTS: Histological evaluation confirmed the interaction between gingival collagen fibers and cementum, and the topography of the cementum consisted of a large number of pores and holes in micro- and nanoscale. After the anodization, densely or loosely distributed nanotubes mimicking the topography of cementum were fabricated on the surface of titanium, with diameter of approximately 60, 100 and 120 nm under 30, 40 and 50 voltages respectively (TNT-30/40/50). Compared to the polish surface and TNT-50 surface, densely distributed nanotubes (TNT-30/40) increased cell area and aspect ratio of human gingival fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Besides, mini-implants of TNT-30 and TNT-40 enhanced the expression of integrin β4 in transmucosal epithelium.
SIGNIFICANCE: Densely distributed nanotubes topography with features mimicking the surface of natural cementum was favorable for gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells to achieve tight adhesion on the surface of the materials. Biomimetically modified titanium surface contributed to enhanced gingival sealing and integration of gingival soft tissue around the dental implant.
METHODS: In the present study, we characterized the topography of the deproteinized cementum and fabricated nanotubes on the titanium surface with features simulating natural cementum surface via electrochemical anodization. Then we cultured the human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on the modified surface to evaluate the biocompatibility and the effect on morphological changes of the cells. Besides, in vivo assay was performed to assess whether the modified surface of mini-implants would improve the gingival adhesion.
RESULTS: Histological evaluation confirmed the interaction between gingival collagen fibers and cementum, and the topography of the cementum consisted of a large number of pores and holes in micro- and nanoscale. After the anodization, densely or loosely distributed nanotubes mimicking the topography of cementum were fabricated on the surface of titanium, with diameter of approximately 60, 100 and 120 nm under 30, 40 and 50 voltages respectively (TNT-30/40/50). Compared to the polish surface and TNT-50 surface, densely distributed nanotubes (TNT-30/40) increased cell area and aspect ratio of human gingival fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Besides, mini-implants of TNT-30 and TNT-40 enhanced the expression of integrin β4 in transmucosal epithelium.
SIGNIFICANCE: Densely distributed nanotubes topography with features mimicking the surface of natural cementum was favorable for gingival fibroblasts and epithelial cells to achieve tight adhesion on the surface of the materials. Biomimetically modified titanium surface contributed to enhanced gingival sealing and integration of gingival soft tissue around the dental implant.