Behavioural brain research · 2026
Quantitative electroencephalogram differentiation between treatment-resistant and responsive groups following deep transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Elvan Ciftci, Hüsnü Erkmen
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To reliably assess biomarkers for treatment response, including clinical factors such as comorbid depression, and evaluate quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) changes in treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) after deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS).
METHODS: Treatment-resistant OCD sixty patients (35 F, 25 M), after dTMS were separated into two groups based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score, decreased by 35% or more (Treatment-responsive (TRP)) and less than 35% (Treatment-resistant (TRS)). QEEG recordings were compared between the TRP and TRS groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the pre-and post-treatment periods were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Binary logistic regression analysis was done for the prediction of treatment response.
RESULTS: Age, sex, other clinical variables and baseline QEEG power bands were similar in TRS (9 F, 11 M; age (year) = 37.1 + - 14.7; (33% of total)) and TRP (26 F,14 M; age (year) = 31.2 + - 11.7; (66% of total) groups. In exploratory analyses examining delta and theta frequency bands separately, comorbid depression consistently predicted poorer treatment response (p = 0.013). Delta power at P3 (p = 0.036) and theta power at F7 (p = 0.078, trend) showed associations with response. Parietal and temporal theta, and parietal delta power bands were significantly higher in the TRP group than the TRS group after treatment. Central and temporal theta, temporal alpha, and beta power bands were significantly increased after treatment when paired with pre-treatment qEEG power bands.
CONCLUSION: Comorbid depression predicted poorer treatment response. Delta power at P3 and theta power at F7 showed associations with response, but these electrophysiological findings do not survive correction for multiple comparisons and require confirmation in independent samples. Slow oscillation-band change was prominent for the dTMS responsiveness in treatment-resistant OCD.
METHODS: Treatment-resistant OCD sixty patients (35 F, 25 M), after dTMS were separated into two groups based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score, decreased by 35% or more (Treatment-responsive (TRP)) and less than 35% (Treatment-resistant (TRS)). QEEG recordings were compared between the TRP and TRS groups using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the pre-and post-treatment periods were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Binary logistic regression analysis was done for the prediction of treatment response.
RESULTS: Age, sex, other clinical variables and baseline QEEG power bands were similar in TRS (9 F, 11 M; age (year) = 37.1 + - 14.7; (33% of total)) and TRP (26 F,14 M; age (year) = 31.2 + - 11.7; (66% of total) groups. In exploratory analyses examining delta and theta frequency bands separately, comorbid depression consistently predicted poorer treatment response (p = 0.013). Delta power at P3 (p = 0.036) and theta power at F7 (p = 0.078, trend) showed associations with response. Parietal and temporal theta, and parietal delta power bands were significantly higher in the TRP group than the TRS group after treatment. Central and temporal theta, temporal alpha, and beta power bands were significantly increased after treatment when paired with pre-treatment qEEG power bands.
CONCLUSION: Comorbid depression predicted poorer treatment response. Delta power at P3 and theta power at F7 showed associations with response, but these electrophysiological findings do not survive correction for multiple comparisons and require confirmation in independent samples. Slow oscillation-band change was prominent for the dTMS responsiveness in treatment-resistant OCD.