[Molecular neuropathology of Non-Alzheimer dementia].

The increasing life expectancy will cause an increasing share for neurodegenerative and dementing illnesses in the total cost for health care. New developments such as the discovery of TDP-43 as disease protein have opened new viewpoints on frontotemporal dementias, as well as its relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As pathologists and neuropathologists we are committed to contributing to the progress of clinical diagnosis, which often proves difficult, by standardized post-mortem diagnosis. The diagnostic responsibility will increase with the development of new specific therapeutics and knowledge of contraindications such as the use of neuroleptics in patients suffering from Lewy body dementia. The Reference Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the German Society of Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy and the German Brain Bank (Brain-Net) at the Institute for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, are available for diagnosis in difficult or complex cases.