International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology · 2025
Enlarged adenoids and cardiorespiratory abnormalities in children at a teaching hospital in South West Nigeria.
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Adedeji Taiwo O, Amusa Yemisi B, Aremu Ademola A, Sogebi Olusola A
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Enlarged adenoid may be associated with cardiorespiratory abnormalities. This study aims to document the prevalence and pattern of cardiorespiratory abnormalities among children with enlarged adenoid in a teaching hospital in south west Nigeria.
METHODS: A prospective, case-controlled hospital-based study of children that had diagnosis of enlarged adenoid.
RESULTS: There were 90 subjects and 90 controls and age ranged from 8 months to 12 years. There were 61 males and 29 females (subjects) and 58 male and 32 females (controls). Largest proportion was age group 1-3years (36.7 %) (Subjects) and 4-6years (43.3 %) (Controls) The common symptoms in the subjects were recurrent nasal obstruction (100 %), and mouth breathing (98.9 %). The adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) ranged from 0.60 to 0.89 (subjects). Age group (1-3 years) had greatest proportion of severe nasopharyngeal obstruction 37.9 %. There was significant association between age and nasopharyngeal obstruction (P = 0.03). Abnormal ECG was found in 16.7 % (subjects) and 1.1 % (controls). RVH was the predominant (10 %) abnormal finding. Pneumonic changes were found in the CXR in 24.4 % (subjects) and 7.8 % (control) and Cardiomegaly was in 6.7 % (subjects). There was significant association between ANR & abnormal ECG findings (P = 0.04), ANR & bronchopneumonia (P = 0.03) and ANR and cardiomegaly (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Adenoid hypertrophy predisposes children to cardiorespiratory abnormalities. Efforts should be geared toward early intervention when symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy fail to resolve following medical treatment.
METHODS: A prospective, case-controlled hospital-based study of children that had diagnosis of enlarged adenoid.
RESULTS: There were 90 subjects and 90 controls and age ranged from 8 months to 12 years. There were 61 males and 29 females (subjects) and 58 male and 32 females (controls). Largest proportion was age group 1-3years (36.7 %) (Subjects) and 4-6years (43.3 %) (Controls) The common symptoms in the subjects were recurrent nasal obstruction (100 %), and mouth breathing (98.9 %). The adenoidal nasopharyngeal ratio (ANR) ranged from 0.60 to 0.89 (subjects). Age group (1-3 years) had greatest proportion of severe nasopharyngeal obstruction 37.9 %. There was significant association between age and nasopharyngeal obstruction (P = 0.03). Abnormal ECG was found in 16.7 % (subjects) and 1.1 % (controls). RVH was the predominant (10 %) abnormal finding. Pneumonic changes were found in the CXR in 24.4 % (subjects) and 7.8 % (control) and Cardiomegaly was in 6.7 % (subjects). There was significant association between ANR & abnormal ECG findings (P = 0.04), ANR & bronchopneumonia (P = 0.03) and ANR and cardiomegaly (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: Adenoid hypertrophy predisposes children to cardiorespiratory abnormalities. Efforts should be geared toward early intervention when symptoms of adenoid hypertrophy fail to resolve following medical treatment.