Exploring the therapeutic potential of nutraceutical compounds (Curcumin, Quercetin, Epa, Zinc, and Vitamin D) in managing Celiac disease: insights from cellular mechanisms.

BACKGROUND

The primary treatment for Celiac disease (CeD) is a gluten-free diet (GFD), which presents challenges. Studies on the anti-inflammatory properties of Curcumin, Quercetin, Vitamin D, Zinc, and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) offer hope for patients. This study evaluated their effects on immune reactivity in gliadin-stimulated Caco-2 cells.

METHODS AND

RESULTS

Cells were treated with pepsin trypsin-digested gliadin (PT-G) and exposed to these compounds individually and in combinations using the n-1 method. Gene expressions of TNF-α, NF-κB, STAT-3, ZO-1, and Occludin were analyzed via qPCR, while IL-6 and IL-10 protein levels were measured using ELISA. Results showed a significant decrease in NF-κB gene expression for Curcumin (P < 0.01), Quercetin (P < 0.001), Vitamin D (P < 0.01), Zinc (P < 0.01), EPA (P < 0.001), and CQEDZ (P < 0.05). IL-6 levels increased significantly with Curcumin (P < 0.05), EPA (P < 0.01), Vitamin D (P < 0.05), and Zinc (P < 0.05), along with EDZ (P < 0.0001) and DZ (P < 0.01). IL-10 levels also rose following treatments with Curcumin (P < 0.05) and Zinc (P < 0.01). ZO-1 gene expression increased with EPA (P < 0.0001), Curcumin (P < 0.0001), Quercetin (P < 0.05), and Vitamin D (P < 0.01), while it decreased in CQEDZ (P < 0.01) and other combinations.

CONCLUSIONS

Findings suggest that nutraceuticals, particularly CQEDZ, CEDZ, EDZ, and ED, may modulate inflammatory pathways in CeD. Further mechanistic and clinical studies are needed to validate these results, supporting the potential of nutraceuticals in managing CeD.