How does diagnostic subtype affect the quality of primary care for people with dementia? A retrospective cohort study in 1490 English general practices.

INTRODUCTION

Diagnostic subtype has been suggested as a determinant of inequity for people with dementia; its impact on primary care provision is underexplored. This study investigated the association between dementia subtype and likelihood of receiving guideline-consistent primary care.

METHOD: Retrospective cohort study using Clinical Practice Research Datalink (Aurum) database, 1.1.2006-30.06.2024. We examined potential inequity with eight dementia subtypes: Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), vascular, frontotemporal, unspecified, other and two mixed categories. Six outcomes were examined: care plan or medication review (both within 24 months of index) and four indicators of potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) (high anti-cholinergic burden drugs, z-drugs, benzodiazepines and anti-psychotics). Cox-regression models were used, adjusting for: age, sex, comorbidities, deprivation and ethnicity.

RESULTS

A total of 571 663 people were included and 72.1% received a care plan; 79.4% received a medication review within 24 months. Compared to AD: people with mixed dementias were more likely to receive a care plan [hazard ratio (HR) 1.29, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26-1.32 for mixed including AD/LBD, HR 1.37, 1.32-1.43 for mixed non-AD/LBD]. All other subtypes were less likely to receive a care plan. Individuals with mixed AD/LBD (HR 1.28, 1.26-1.32), mixed non-AD/LBD (HR 1.35, 1.26-1.45), vascular (HR 1.05, CI 1.04-1.07), LBD (HR 1.02, 1.01-1.04) and unspecified (HR 1.02, 1.01-1.03) were more likely to receive medication reviews. Compared to AD, all other subtypes were more likely to experience PIP across all four indicators.

CONCLUSION

We found greater likelihood of PIP in people with non-AD dementias, a novel finding. Further research is needed, especially with new AD drugs potentially widening disparities.