Effects of stir-fried Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seed polysaccharides on blood deficiency syndrome in rats based on metabolomics and gut microbiota.

This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of raw hemp seed polysaccharides (HSP) and stir-fried hemp seed polysaccharides (FHSP) in a rat model of blood-deficiency syndrome induced by cyclophosphamide and acetylphenylhydrazine. Both HSP and FHSP are acidic heteropolysaccharides primarily composed of arabinose, galacturonic acid, and galactose, but differ in molecular weight, monosaccharide ratios, and microstructure. Methylation and GC-MS analyses indicated that HSP and FHSP shared similar major glycosidic linkage types, predominantly including →5)-Araf-(1→, Galp-(1→, →4)-GalAp-(1→, and →6)-Galp-(1→, but differed in their relative molar proportions. In vivo experiments showed that both HSP and FHSP significantly improved hematological parameters (RBC, WBC, HGB, and HCT), regulated cytokine levels (EPO, G-CSF, TNF-α, and IL-6), and alleviated splenic damage. Compared with HSP, FHSP produced more pronounced improvements in several evaluated indicators under the present experimental conditions. Mechanistic analyses suggested that the beneficial effects of FHSP may be associated with the JAK1-STAT1 signaling pathway, amelioration of splenic metabolic dysfunction involving arachidonic acid, glutathione, riboflavin, and arginine and proline metabolism, and modulation of the gut microbial community. These findings suggest that FHSP has potential for alleviating blood deficiency syndrome and provide new insights into the further development and application of hemp seed polysaccharides.