3D Bioprinting for Artificial Pancreas Organ.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from an autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells in the islet of the endocrine pancreas. Although islet transplantation has been regarded as an ideal strategy for T1D, transplanted islets are rejected from host immune system. To immunologically protect them, islet encapsulation technology with biocompatible materials is emerged as an immuno-barrier. However, this technology has been limited for clinical trial such as hypoxia in the central core of islet bead, impurity of islet bead and retrievability from the body. Recently, 3D bioprinting has been emerged as an alternative approach to make the artificial pancreas. It can be used to position live cells in a desired location with real scale of human organ. Furthermore, constructing a vascularization of the artificial pancreas is actualized with 3D bioprinting. Therefore, it is possible to create real pancreas-mimic artificial organ for clinical application. In conclusion, 3D bioprinting can become a new leader in the development of the artificial pancreas to overcome the existed islet.