[Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis Caused by Granulomatous Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis with Characteristic Brain Magnetic Resonance Image: A Case Report].

We report a case of primary central nervous system vasculitis (PCNSV) with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. A 47-year-old woman presented with malaise, progressive cognitive impairment, and lower limb spasticity. Diffuse hyperintense areas in the deep cerebral white matter on the diffusion-weighted image and T2-weighted images were observed during brain magnetic resonance imaging. Gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images showed multiple linear enhancements. A sagittal T2-weighted image displayed a longitudinal extensive lesion of transverse myelitis in the spinal column from the upper cervical (C7) to the thoracic region (Th12). On brain biopsy, the patient was diagnosed as having granulomatous primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PCNSV). This case suggests that PCNSV could show longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. (Received 14 January, 2021; Accepted 18 February, 2021; Published 1 August, 2021).