Neuropsychiatric manifestations of infective endocarditis: a study of 95 patients at Ibadan, Nigeria.

Thirty-eight percent of patients with infective endocarditis (36 of 95) had neuropsychiatric manifestations. In 75% (27 of 36), these features were the major presenting picture. Fifteen patients (42%) presented with cerebrovascular lesions and seven (19%) with meningitis. Toxic encephalopathy (12.5%) was not uncommon. Other neurological syndromes seen included psychosis and spinal cord lesions. The mortality was high especially when the infective endocarditis was acute in onset. It is essential to search diligently for an underlying cardiac cause in patients who present with neuropsychiatric symptoms because treatment of the underlying pathology improves prognosis.