Biopsychosocial science and medicine · 2025
Associations Between Childhood Abuse Severity and Fear Learning Processes in Adulthood: Assessing the Role of Vagal Signaling.
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Stevens Sarah K, Williams DeWayne P, Hanif Mubeena, Jovanovic Tanja, Thayer Julian F, Norrholm Seth D, Zalta Alyson K
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Childhood abuse is known to be a vulnerability factor for psychopathology in adulthood, which is posited to occur, at least in part, through influencing fear learning processes. This study tested a model by which the severity of childhood abuse had indirect effects on fear learning processes via vagal signaling as indexed by heart rate variability (HRV).
METHODS: A sample of N =123 individuals assigned female at birth ( Mage =22.99; 35.8% Hispanic; 45.5% Asian, 27.6% White, 7.3% Other) completed a single study visit during which they completed a fear learning task where physiological measurements were collected. Exposure to childhood abuse was assessed using the abuse subscales of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Results found that higher severity of childhood abuse was significantly associated with poorer fear/safety discrimination (β = -0.23 , p =.01), and lower resting HRV was significantly associated with higher initial startle during fear conditioning (β=-0.17 , p =.047). Notably, a probe of the relationship between the abuse subscales (physical, sexual, and emotional) and fear/safety discrimination found only sexual abuse was significantly associated with poorer fear/safety discrimination (β = -0.21 , p =.022).
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that fear/safety discrimination impairments may be an important physiological marker for survivors of childhood abuse, and that sexual abuse may be more strongly associated with impairments in fear/safety discrimination than other early abuse exposures. A greater understanding of the underlying factors contributing to psychopathology risk in this population is needed.
METHODS: A sample of N =123 individuals assigned female at birth ( Mage =22.99; 35.8% Hispanic; 45.5% Asian, 27.6% White, 7.3% Other) completed a single study visit during which they completed a fear learning task where physiological measurements were collected. Exposure to childhood abuse was assessed using the abuse subscales of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.
RESULTS: Results found that higher severity of childhood abuse was significantly associated with poorer fear/safety discrimination (β = -0.23 , p =.01), and lower resting HRV was significantly associated with higher initial startle during fear conditioning (β=-0.17 , p =.047). Notably, a probe of the relationship between the abuse subscales (physical, sexual, and emotional) and fear/safety discrimination found only sexual abuse was significantly associated with poorer fear/safety discrimination (β = -0.21 , p =.022).
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that fear/safety discrimination impairments may be an important physiological marker for survivors of childhood abuse, and that sexual abuse may be more strongly associated with impairments in fear/safety discrimination than other early abuse exposures. A greater understanding of the underlying factors contributing to psychopathology risk in this population is needed.